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. 2021 Mar 5;10:e60779. doi: 10.7554/eLife.60779

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© 2021, Norris et al

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.

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Figure 8. — The presented studies focused on parabrachial nucleus (PBN)→POA projecting cells by photostimulating terminals in the POA. We identified warm-activated neurons (red circle) in the lateral PBN that incompletely overlap with Penk+ and Pdyn+ PBN neuronal populations. Further, we found that these Penk (green circle) and Pdyn (blue circle) neurons express VGLUT2 (gray) and partially overlap with each other. Photostimulation of PBN→POA projections revealed that PBN VGLUT2+, Pdyn+, or Penk+ projections drive physiological and behavioral heat defenses including vasodilation to promote heat loss, avoidance, suppression of BAT thermogenesis, and postal extension to promote heat loss.