Table 1.

Broad action items and strategies for healthcare innovation in India after COVID-19.

Short-term strategies		Long-term strategies
		Pillar 1: creation of ecosystems and incentives	Pillar 2: manageable risk-taking	Pillar 3: capacity building and biomedical education
Greater public investment	Big data and artificial intelligence	Simplifying regulations and easing creative collaborations	Running of multiple pilot projects	Enhancements in standard pedagogy
Public-private partnership	Targeted therapy or Precision medicine	Developing innovation centers, bio-incubators, and med-tech park	Decentralization of research funding	Engaging professional medical societies
Deep learning and Machine learning	“Local” medical device manufacturing	Ensuring adequate compensation for biomedical researchers	Allowing personal and organizational failures without immediate shutdown	Physician Scientist (MBBS-PhD) and masters in biomedical innovation programs
Telehealth and remote patient monitoring	Utilizing available devices (smartphones) for healthcare delivery	Creating cultures of innovation—less hierarchy, more communication	Promoting social innovation and entrepreneurship	Creating medical schools having purposeful aim of biomedical innovation