TABLE 2.

EFA of measured items.

	Singapore		Hong Kong		Canada		Finland
	Factor loadings	% of variance	Factor loadings	% of variance	Factor loadings	% of variance	Factor loadings	% of variance
1. Intrinsic motivation	0.87–0.94	40.20	0.80–0.94	46.67	0.85–0.92	40.55	0.81–0.91	38.98
2. Instrumental motivation	0.77–0.90	12.56	0.88–0.93	10.94	0.84–0.93	12.48	0.86–0.91	12.48
3. Epistemic beliefs	0.68–0.77	16.07	0.70–0.86	18.20	0.72–0.83	20.03	0.72–0.82	19.77
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value	0.91		0.93		0.91		0.91
Bartlett’s test of	X2 = 67809.839 df = 105		X2 = 72282.874 df = 105		X2 = 219084.577 df = 105		X2 = 61184.599 df = 105
sphericity	p < 0.001		p < 0.001		p < 0.001		p < 0.001
Total % of variance	68.82		75.80		73.05		71.23