Table 3.
Significant effects on primary outcome HbA1c and secondary outcomes (intra- and intergroup).
| Study/outcome | HbA1ca | FBGb | BPc | Body weight | BMI | DRQoLd | HRQoLe | Cost | Time-saving | N/Sf or significance not available |
| SRg & MAh (n=21) | (13/17)i +j | —k | (2/4) + | — | — | — | — | (2/5) + | N/A | — |
| Real-time video (n=3) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ✓l |
| Real-time audio+video (n=1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ✓ |
| Asynchronous (n=4) | (1/3) + | — | (1/1) + | — | (1/1) + | — | — | — | — | — |
| Combined (n=2) | — | — | — | (1/1) + | N/A | (1/1) + | — | — | — | — |
aHbA1c: glycated hemoglobin A1c.
bFBG: fasting blood glucose.
cBP: blood pressure.
dDRQoL: diabetes-related quality of life.
eHRQoL: health-related quality of life.
fN/S: not significant.
gSR: systematic review.
hMA: meta-analysis.
iNumber of publications with significant intervention effects versus number of all studies (inclusive significant effects that were not long term).
j+: outcome improvement.
kMissing data.
lN/S or significance not available.