TABLE 1.
Ectopic expression of synaptonemal complex (SC) proteins in human cancers and its potential clinical significance
| Molecule | Localization in SC | Type(s) of cancer | Frequency (%) | Potential clinical significance | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SYCP1 | TF | Melanoma | 14.3 | 15 | |
| Breast cancer | 27.3‐34.1 | 15, 18 | |||
| Glioma | 40.0 | 15 | |||
| Stomach cancer | 7.1‐23.5 | 15, 18 | |||
| Non‐small‐cell lung cancer | 7.1 | 15 | |||
| Renal cell carcinoma | 8.3 | 15 | |||
| Acute myelogenous leukemia | 5.8 | 16 | |||
| Chronic myelogenous leukemia | 23.3 | 16 | |||
| Multiple myeloma | 10.0 | 16 | |||
| Meningioma | 18.4 | 17 | |||
| Astrocytoma | 38.5 | 17 | |||
| Oligoastrocytoma | 75.0 | 17 | |||
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | 29.0 | 19 | |||
| B‐cell lymphoma | 19.2 | 20 | |||
| T‐cell lymphoma | 60.0 | 20 | |||
| Acute lymphatic leukemia | 11.8 | 21 | |||
| Pancreatic adenocarcinoma | 47.5 | 22 | |||
| Testicular germ‐cell tumor | 42.9 | 23 | |||
| Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma | 11.8 | 24 | |||
| Medulloblastoma | 44.0 | 25 | |||
| Cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma | ~36.7 | 26, 27 | |||
| SYCP2 | AE/LE | Head and neck cancer | 30.6‐42.9 | Associated with human papillomavirus infection | 28, 29, 30, 32 |
| Cervical cancer | ~90.0 | Associated with human papillomavirus infection | 29, 31 | ||
| SYCP3 | AE/LE | Acute lymphoblastic leukemia | 47.1 | 21 | |
| Ovarian tumor | ~25.0 | 34, 36 | |||
| Brain tumor | 16.7 | 34 | |||
| Cervical cancer | ~61.3 | Poor prognosis, associated with increased phosphorylation of AKT | 35, 37 | ||
| Adrenal tumor, bladder tumor, breast tumor, colon tumor, gall bladder tumor, kidney tumor, liver tumor, lung tumor, rectal tumor, small intestine tumor, soft tissue tumor, stomach tumor, thyroid tumor | Variable | 36 | |||
| Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia | 14.2 | 37 | |||
| Cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma | 23.3 | 26 | |||
| Non‐small‐cell lung cancer | 19.4‐27.0 | Poor outcome, prognosis, associated with lymphangiogenesis | 38, 39 | ||
| SYCE1 | CE | Lung adenocarcinoma | 10.8 | 40 | |
| Prostate cancer | Variable | Associated with cases with Gleason score of 7 or greater | 41 | ||
| SYCE2 | CE | Cervix, ovary, thyroid, uterus, kidney, and stomach tumors, lymphoma | Variable | 42 | |
| SYCE3 | CE | N/R | |||
| TEX12 | CE | N/R | |||
| SIX6OS1 | CE | N/R |
Abbreviations: AE, axial element; CE, central element; LE, lateral element; TF, transverse filament; N/R, not reported.