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. 2020 May 8;313(3):139–146. doi: 10.1007/s00403-020-02083-0

Table 1.

WEL-DS antioxidant ingredients

Water-soluble antioxidants Enzymatic antioxidants Lipid-soluble antioxidants
Chlorogenic acids Arabidopsis thaliana extract Tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate (vitamin C)
Coffea arabica leaf extract Superoxide Dismutase (SOD)a Tocopheryl acetate/tocopherol (vitamin E)
Theobroma cacao seed extract (cocoa) Ubiquinone (CoEnzyme Q10)b

Glycyrrhiza glabra root extract

(licorice)

Ergothioneine Ubiquinone (CoEnzyme Q10)b

Curcuma longa root extract

(turmeric)

Euterpe oleracea fruit extract (acai)

Vitis vinifera seed extract

(grape seed)

Buddleja officinalis flower extract
Camellia sinensis leaf extract (green tea)
Carnosine

Crocus sativus leaf extract

(saffron)

Olea europaea fruit extract (olive)
Superoxide dismutase (SOD)a

aAntioxidants that are both water-soluble and enzymatic

bAntioxidants that are both lipid-soluble and enzymatic