Table 2.
EFS and OS adjusted for ethnicity, insurance, INSS stage, disease response, MYCN status, and hospital clustering (N = 371)
| Characteristics | Univariate analyses of outcome |
Multivariable analyses of outcomea |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EFS |
OS |
EFS |
OS |
|||||
| HR (95% CI) | P b | HR (95% CI) | Pb | HR (95% CI) | P b | HR (95% CI) | P b | |
|
Child or sociodemographic characteristics |
.36 | |||||||
|
Neighborhood poverty |
||||||||
| No (Q2-4: >$35 916) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | ||||
| Yes (Q1:≤35 916) | 1.38 (0.89 to 2.12) | .15 | 1.72 (0.96 to 3.09) | .07 | 1.16 (0.79 to 1.70) | .46 | 1.25 (0.78 to 1.99) | |
| Household poverty | <.001 | |||||||
| No | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | ||||
| Yes | 1.99 (1.34 to 2.96) | <.001 | 3.08 (1.76 to 5.39) | <.001 | 1.90 (1.28 to 2.82) | .001 | 2.79 (1.63 to 4.79) | |
| Race | —c | — | — | — | ||||
| White | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | ||||||
| Black | 1.09 (0.57 to 2.12) | .79 | 1.32 (0.56 to 3.14) | .56 | ||||
| Other | 0.79 (0.43 to 1.46) | .44 | 0.98 (0.44 to 2.20) | .96 | ||||
| Ethnicity | .09 | |||||||
| Non-Hispanic | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | ||||
| Hispanic | 1.55 (0.94 to 2.56) | .08 | 2.54 (1.37 to 4.72) | .003 | 1.20 (0.79 to 1.82) | .34 | 1.70 (0.92 to 3.14) | |
| Age | __ | __ | __ | __ | ||||
| ≥18 mo | 1.00 (Ref) | .79 | 1.00 (Ref) | .59 | ||||
| <18 mo | 0.90 (0.42 to 1.94) | 1.29 (0.51 to 3.24) | ||||||
| Sex, female | 0.73 (0.48 to 1.09) | .13 | 0.83 (0.48 to 1.46) | .52 | — | — | — | — |
| Tumor and treatment characteristics | ||||||||
| Trial | — | — | — | — | ||||
| ANBL0032 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | ||||||
| ANBL0931 | 0.82 (0.49 to 1.39) | .47 | 1.01 (0.50 to 2.04) | .97 | ||||
| Treatment post-2009 | — | — | — | — | ||||
| Yes | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | ||||||
| No | 1.11 (0.57 to 2.14) | .76 | 1.16 (0.48 to 2.79) | .74 | ||||
| Days from SCT to trial enrollment | — | — | — | — | ||||
| INSS stage | 1 (0.99 to 1.01) | .43 | 0.99 (0.98 to 1.01) | .38 |
.42 .16 |
|||
| IIB/III/IVS | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | ||||
| IV | 2.00 (1.00 to 4.01) | .049 | 2.23 (0.80 to 6.25) | .13 | 1.53 (0.84 to 2.77) | .17 | 1.53 (0.55 to 4.26) | |
| Missing stage | 2.66 (1.19 to 5.99) | .02 | 3.29 (1.01 to 10.7) | .048 | 2.20 (0.80 to 6.05) | .13 | 3.07 (0.65 to 14.54) | |
| Tumor MYCN |
.991 .964 |
|||||||
| Not amplified | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | ||||
| Amplified | 0.76 (0.47 to 1.21) | .24 | 0.94 (0.49 to 1.80) | .85 | 0.77 (0.54 to 1.09) | .14 | 1.00 (0.55 to 1.81) | |
| Missing | 1.17 (0.72 to 1.91) | .52 | 1.49 (0.76 to 2.94) | .25 | 0.96 (0.49 to 1.88) | .91 | 1.02 (0.40 to 2.64) | |
| Tumor histology | — | |||||||
| Favorable | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | — | — | — | |||
| Unfavorable | 2.23 (0.31 to 16.02) | .43 | 0.89 (0.12 to 6.51) | .91 | ||||
| Missing | 3.11 (0.42 to 22.79) | .27 | 1.58 (0.21 to 11.90) | .66 | ||||
| End-induction disease response |
.049 .07 |
|||||||
| CR | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | ||||
| VGPR | 1.71 (1.03 to 2.83) | .04 | 2.09 (0.98 to 4.47) | .06 | 1.59 (0.95 to 2.66) | .08 | 1.89 (1.004 to 3.56) | |
| PR | 1.65 (0.99 to 2.75) | .06 | 2.47 (1.61 to 5.27) | .002 | 1.48 (0.74 to 2.93) | .27 | 2.27 (0.94 to 5.49) | |
Variables included in multivariable model: neighborhood poverty, household poverty, ethnicity, INSS stage, tumor MYCN, end-induction disease response, and robust variance estimates to account for potential hospital clustering. CI = confidence interval; CR = complete response; EFS = event-free survival; HR = hazard ratio; INSS = International Neuroblastoma Staging System; OS = overall survival; PR = partial response; Q = quartile; SCT = stem cell transplantation; VGPR = very good partial response.
P values were from Cox regression model and were 2-sided.
Empty cells reflect covariates not included in multivariable analyses as detailed in Methods.