Table 1.
The chemical composition of M. spicata essential oil.
| Place | Organ, stage | yield | Main components | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| North-West Himalayan region of India | Leaves, full flowering stage | 0.57 ± 0.02% | Carvone (49.62–76.65%) Limonene (9.57–22.3%) 1,8-cineole (1.32–2.62%) |
20 |
| Turkish accession | earliest stage flowering | 2.41–2.74% | Pulegone (26.7–29.6%) piperitone (22.2–28.2%) Limonene (3.20–5.2%) α-phellandrene (1.3–2.6%) trans-caryophyllene (5.2–8.0%) germacrene D (3.1–5.3%) |
25 |
| Brazil | leaves | 0.02–0.17% | Carvone (0–60.1%) pulegone (0–54.0%) 1,8-cineol (2.04–28.8%) |
21 |
| Gilane Gharb city, Kermanshah province, west of Iran | leaves | – | carvone (78.7%) limonene (11.5%) β-bourbonene (11.2%) |
22 |
| southeastern United States | leaves | carvone (35–62%) | 23 | |
| Faisalabad, Pakistan | Leaves-summer | 12.0 g kg−1 | Carvone (59.5%) limonene (10.4%) 1,8-cineol (6.4%) borneol (1.4%) |
26 |
| Faisalabad, Pakistan | Leaves-winter | 9.5 g kg−1 | Carvone (63.24%) limonene (9.1%) borneol (5.9%) 1,8-cineol (3.5%) linalool (3.1) |
26 |
| Tunisia | aerial parts | 1.1% | carvone (40.8%) limonene (20.8%) 1,8-cineole (17.0%) |
24 |
| India | fresh leaves | 6.5 ml kg−1 | carvone (48.6%) cis-carveol (21.3%) limonene (11.3%) |
49 |