Table 1.

Primers used for amplification.

Primer	Sequence (5′–3′)		Size (bp)	Reference
	Forward	Reverse
Minimal predictors of APEC virulence genes
iroN	AATCCGGCAAAGAGACGAACCGCCT	GTTCGGGCAACCCCTGCTTTGACTTT	553	Johnson et al., 2008b, Johnson et al., 2008a
ompT	TCATCCCGGAAGCCTCCCTCACTACTAT	TAGCGTTTGCTGCACTGGCTTCTGATAC	496	Johnson et al., 2008a, Johnson et al., 2008b
hlyF	GGCCACAGTCGTTTAGGGTGCTTACC	GGCGGTTTAGGCATTCCGATACTCAG	450	Johnson et al., 2008a, Johnson et al., 2008b
iss	CAGCAACCCGAACCACTTGATG	AGCATTGCCAGAGCGGCAGAA	323	Johnson et al., 2008a, Johnson et al., 2008b
iutA	GGCTGGACATCATGGGAACTGG	CGTCGGGAACGGGTAGAATCG	302	Johnson et al., 2008a, Johnson et al., 2008b
Antimicrobial resistance genes
blaTEM	ATGTGCGCGGAACCCCTATTTGTTTA	AAAAAGCGGTTAGCTCCTTCGGTCCT	558	Logue et al., 2017
aac3vIa	GGCACCCGCGACGCCCTGGTCCAAAAG	GGGCCCGGCGCCGATCGACAGGATTT	502	Logue et al., 2017
aac3vIb	GGGCAAGCGCCGCGTCACTTATT	CGCGGCGTTGTTTCGGCTTCA	302	Johnson et al., 2006
aph3IA	TCGGGCAATCAGGTGCGACAATCTA	TGCCAGCGCATCAACAATATTTTCACC	378	Logue et al., 2017
aadA	TAACGGCGCAGTGGCGGTTTTCA	AAGCTCGCCGCGTTGTTTCATCAAG	365	Johnson et al., 2006
tetA	CGGGGCGACTGGGGCGGTAGC	CAAAGCGCGGCCGGCACCTGT	372	Johnson et al., 2012
tetB	AACGCGTGAAGTGGTTCGGTTGGT	TTCGCCCCATTTAGTGGCTATTCTTC	446	Logue et al., 2017
dfr1	ATCGGGAATGGCCCTGATA	CTTCCGGCTCGATGTCTATTGTAG	328	Logue et al., 2017
dfr17	ATATCCCGTGGTCAGTAAAAGGTG	GACCCCCGCCAGAGACATA	342	Logue et al., 2017
qacEΔ	CCCTTCCGCCGTTGTCATAATCG	TACAAAGCCCCACGCATCAAGC	175	This study
qnr	TCGCCGCTGCCGCTTTTATCAGT	GCCAACAGTCGCGGGAGAAGGTG	440	Logue et al., 2017
sul1	CGCCGCTCTTAGACGCCCTGTCC	CGCCGCTCTTAGACGCCCTGTCC	462	Johnson et al., 2012
intl1	CACTCCGGCACCGCCAACTTTC	GAACGGGCATGCGGATCAGTGAG	545	Johnson et al., 2012
Heavy metal resistance genes
terD	CCACTGCGCGGAATTTCCACTCACCAT	ACGCCGTCCCGTCTGATGTTGACAAG	231	Johnson et al., 2006
terX	ATGCGCCGCCTGCCTGTTTACCTTGTTA	CGCGCTTGTGCTGCCGGAAGACA	576	Johnson et al., 2006
terF	CCGACAAACTTCCAGAAGATGGGGTAGT	GAGGCAGCGGTTGCATTTGTACTTGACG	428	Johnson et al., 2006
terY3	CCTGGGGCCGTCAGCGGACCTG	TCCTTGCTGGTGGCCGTTCATACTTCAT	302	Johnson et al., 2006
pcoA	ATCCGGAAGGTCAGCACCGTCCATAGAC	GACCTCGCGGATGTCAGTGGCTACACCT	507	Johnson et al., 2006
pcoD	GGCGCCCAGAATGATAATCGCAACA	GGGCGTGGCGCTGGCTACACTT	502	Johnson et al., 2006
pcoE	GTGGGGCAGCTTTTGCTCAGTCCAGTGA	CGAAGCTTTCTTGCCTGCGTCTGATGTG	385	Johnson et al., 2006
arsC	ACCCGCTTCATCAACCACTT	TGCCGATATGGGGATTTCCG	268	This study
silP	ACACCCCGGCCTGGGCTCCTT	TGCGGGCACGGGAACAAACCTC	603	Johnson et al., 2006
merA	GATCCGCGCCGCCCATATCGCCCATCTG	CACGCGCTCGCCGCCGTCGTTGAGTTG	250	Johnson et al., 2012

Abbreviation: APEC, avian pathogenic Escherichia coli.