Table 4.
Results of antimicrobial resistance gene detection.
| Resistance genes | Resistance profile | Number of resistant isolates (%) | Number of resistance isolates in each treatment (%) |
P | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marek's vaccine (MV) | SEM | MV and Lactobacillus animal | SEM | MV and Lactobacillus reuter | SEM | MV and Lactobacillus rhamnosu | SEM | ||||
| blaTEM | β-Lactamase | 16 (11.1) | 7 (18.9) | 0.065 | 1 (2.4) | 0.024 | 5 (13.9) | 0.058 | 3 (10) | 0.054 | 0.212 |
| aac(3)-VIa | Aminoglycoside | 24 (16.7) | 5 (13.5) | 0.057 | 9 (22.0) | 0.065 | 9 (25.0) | 0.073 | 1 (3.3) | 0.033 | 0.149 |
| aac(3)-VIb | 21 (14.6) | 3 (8.1) | 0.045 | 11 (26.8) | 0.070 | 6 (16.7) | 0.063 | 1 (3.3) | 0.033 | 0.052 | |
| aph(3′)-Ia | 19 (13.2) | 3 (8.1) | 0.045 | 2 (4.9) | 0.034 | 7 (19.4) | 0.067 | 7 (23.3) | 0.079 | 0.095 | |
| aadA | 21 (14.6) | 4 (10.8) | 0.052 | 8 (19.5) | 0.063 | 8 (22.2) | 0.070 | 1 (3.3) | 0.033 | 0.178 | |
| tetA | Tetracycline | 55 (38.2) | 13 (35.1) | 0.080 | 20 (48.8) | 0.079 | 15 (41.7) | 0.083 | 7 (23.3) | 0.079 | 0.178 |
| tetB | 11 (7.6) | 1 (2.7) | 0.027 | 4 (9.8) | 0.047 | 2 (5.6) | 0.014 | 4 (2.8) | 0.063 | 0.428 | |
| dfr1 | Trimethoprim | 8 (5.6) | 0 | 0 | 7 (17.1) | 0.059 | 1 (2.8) | 0.028 | 0 | 0 | 0.354 |
| dfr7 | 51 (35.4) | 19 (51.4) | 0.083 | 12 (29.3) | 0.072 | 14 (38.9) | 0.082 | 6 (20.0) | 0.074 | 0.052 | |
| dfr17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| qacEΔ | Quaternary ammonium compounds | 68 (47.2) | 12 (32.4)b | 0.078 | 27 (65.9)a | 0.075 | 21 (58.3)a | 0.083 | 8 (26.7)b | 0.082 | 0.002 |
| qnr | Quinolone | 47 (32.6) | 19 (51.4) | 0.083 | 16 (39.0) | 0.079 | 12 (33.3) | 0.080 | 0 | 0 | 0.467 |
| sul1 | Sulfa | 21 (14.6) | 3 (8.1) | 0.045 | 9 (22.0) | 0.065 | 8 (22.2) | 0.070 | 1 (3.3) | 0.033 | 0.093 |
| intl1 | Integrase | 29 (20.1) | 2 (5.4)b | 0.038 | 17 (41.5)a | 0.078 | 9 (25.0)a | 0.073 | 1 (3.3)b | 0.033 | 0.001 |
| arsC | Arsenic | 137 (95.1) | 36 (97.3%) | 0.027 | 38 (92.7) | 0.041 | 35 (97.2) | 0.028 | 28 (93.3) | 0.046 | 0.716 |
| merA | Mercury | 29 (20.1) | 7 (18.9) | 0.065 | 8 (19.5) | 0.063 | 9 (25.0) | 0.073 | 5 (16.7) | 0.069 | 0.851 |
| terD | Tellurite | 5 (3.5) | 2 (5.4) | 0.038 | 2 (4.9) | 0.034 | 0 | 0 | 1 (3.3) | 0.033 | 0.982 |
| terF | 4 (2.8) | 2 (5.4) | 0.038 | 2 (4.9) | 0.034 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.999 | |
| terX | 3 (2.1) | 2 (5.4) | 0.038 | 1 (2.4) | 0.024 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.930 | |
| terY3 | 4 (2.8) | 2 (5.4) | 0.038 | 2 (4.9) | 0.034 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.999 | |
| pcoA | Copper | 2 (5.4) | 2 (1.4) | 0.038 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.999 |
| pcoD | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| pcoE | 3 (2.1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 (10.0) | 0.056 | 0.999 | |
| silE | Silver | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| silP | 1 (0.7) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (3.3) | 0.033 | 0.999 | |
a–cMeans in a column not sharing a common superscript were different (P < 0.05).