Table 3.
Effect of vitamin E and omega-3 fatty acids on ileal relative gene expression (fold change1).
| Item | Treatments2 |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Starter VE | Starter n-3 | Starter VE and n-3 | Grower VE | Grower n-3 | Grower VE and n-3 | ||
| Gut nutrient transport | |||||||
| SLC15A1 | Solute carrier family 15 member 1 | 1.26 | 1.28 | 1.47 | 1.35 | 1.52 | 1.13 |
| SLC3A1 | Solute carrier family 3 member 1 | 1.08 | −1.03 | 1.19 | 1.07 | 1.23 | −1.04 |
| SLC7A1 | Solute carrier family 7 member 1 | −1.01 | −1.21 | 1.04 | 1.13 | 1.08 | 1.00 |
| SLC1A3 | Solute carrier family 1 member 3 | 1.24 | 1.04 | 1.13 | 1.37 | 1.07 | 1.32 |
| SLC5A1 | Solute carrier family 5 member 1 | 1.11 | −1.09 | 1.01 | 1.12 | 1.22 | 1.02 |
| SLC2A2 | Solute carrier family 2 member 2 | 1.53 | 1.23 | −1.41 | 1.1 | 1.24 | −1.16 |
| SLC2A5 | Solute carrier family 2 member 5 | 1.16 | 1.13 | 1.15 | 1.16 | 1.21 | 1.15 |
| FABP2 | Fatty acid binding protein 2 | 1.14 | 1.18 | 1.12 | 1.01 | 1.2 | −1.00 |
| GALNT2 | Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 | −1.01 | −1.08 | 1.02 | 1.07 | 1.01 | −1.03 |
| Gut hypoxia, oxidative stress and inflammation | |||||||
| MUC2 | Mucin 2, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming | 1.06 | −1.08 | 1.27 | 1.17 | 1.41 | −1.03 |
| IFNG | Interferon gamma | 1.11 | −1.17 | 1.03 | 1.22 | 1.14 | 1.04 |
| LITAF | Lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF factor | 1.02 | −1.06 | 1.07 | 1.08 | 1.17 | −1.03 |
| CXCR1 | C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 1 | 1.03 | −1.07 | −1.05 | 1.12 | 1.06 | 1.04 |
| CRH | Corticotrophin-releasing hormone | −1.01 | −1.13 | 1.19 | 1.11 | 1.25 | −1.06 |
| HSPB7 | Heat-shock protein family B member 7 | −1.2 | −1.14 | −1.38 | 1.02 | −1.53 | −1.18 |
| GPX7 | Glutathione peroxidase 7 | 1.06 | 1.01 | −1.04 | 1.08 | −1.09 | −1.04 |
| SELENOO | Selenoprotein O | −1.02 | −1.01 | −1.01 | 1 | −1.01 | −1.09 |
| CA3A | Carbonic anhydrase 3A | 1.29 | 1.01 | 1.09 | 1.27 | 1.06 | −1.21 |
| IL1B | IL 1, beta | 1.05 | −1.05 | −1.12 | −1.01 | −1.03 | 1.24 |
| SELE | Selectin E | 1.08 | 1.06 | −1.09 | 1.13 | −1.13 | −1.09 |
| Extracellular matrix | |||||||
| COL4A1 | Collagen type 4 alpha 1 chain | 1.62 | 1.29 | 1.06 | −1.68 | −1.83 | 1.30 |
1
The fold change for each gene was calculated as the ratio between treatments and the control group. If the ratio was higher than 1, fold change is equal to the ratio. If the ratio was lower than 1, fold change is the negative inverse of the ratio.
2
Broilers in the control group were fed diets with standard level of vitamin E (VE; 10 IU/kg) and omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids (n-6/n-3 ratio of 30.2:1) during the entire study (0–58 d). Supplementation of dietary VE (200 IU/kg), n-3 fatty acids (n-6/n-3 ratio of 3.2:1), or combination of both were performed during the starter phase (0–10 d) or grower phase (11–24 d).