Table. Weighted Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder in US Children Aged 3 to 17 Years by Race/Ethnicity in the National Health Interview Survey, 2014-2019a.
| Characteristics | Prevalence, % (95% CI) | P valueb | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-Hispanic White individuals | Non-Hispanic Black individuals | Hispanic individuals | Non-Hispanic other individuals | ||
| Overall | 2.65 (2.40-2.90) | 2.85 (2.36-3.33) | 1.94 (1.64-2.24) | 2.24 (1.73-2.74) | .002 |
| Age, y | |||||
| 3-11 | 2.40 (2.06-2.73) | 3.02 (2.33-3.70) | 2.23 (1.79-2.67) | 2.30 (1.68-2.91) | .13 |
| 12-17 | 3.00 (2.62-3.39) | 2.60 (1.99-3.21) | 1.49 (1.11-1.86) | 2.14 (1.23-3.06) | <.001 |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 4.11 (3.69-4.54) | 4.11 (3.29-4.94) | 2.73 (2.24-3.23) | 3.40 (2.54-4.26) | .002 |
| Female | 1.12 (0.87-1.36) | 1.53 (1.07-1.98) | 1.12 (0.80-1.44) | 1.05 (0.58-1.51) | .28 |
| Highest educational level of family membersc | |||||
| High school | 3.02 (2.40-3.64) | 2.51 (1.68-3.34) | 1.70 (1.26-2.14) | 2.65 (1.42-3.88) | .006 |
| College | 2.51 (2.19-2.83) | 3.34 (2.63-4.05) | 1.99 (1.58-2.41) | 2.70 (1.91-3.50) | .005 |
| Graduate school | 2.69 (2.18-3.20) | 1.82 (1.03-2.60) | 3.27 (1.72-4.82) | 1.15 (0.60-1.70) | .01 |
| Family income to poverty ratiod | |||||
| <1.0 | 3.47 (2.51-4.44) | 2.72 (1.86-3.57) | 1.79 (1.20-2.38) | 3.48 (2.16-4.80) | .01 |
| 1.0-2.0 | 3.30 (2.66-3.94) | 3.50 (2.55-4.44) | 2.11 (1.55-2.67) | 2.89 (1.62-4.16) | .03 |
| 2.0-4.0 | 2.45 (2.05-2.86) | 3.17 (1.94-4.39) | 1.94 (1.34-2.55) | 2.32 (1.27-3.38) | .25 |
| >4.0 | 2.39 (1.99-2.79) | 1.83 (1.02-2.65) | 1.52 (0.71-2.33) | 1.29 (0.65-1.93) | .051 |
| Region | |||||
| Northeast | 3.30 (2.69-3.92) | 2.48 (2.01-2.94) | 2.52 (2.08-2.95) | 2.51 (1.98-3.04) | .001 |
| Midwest | 2.48 (2.01-2.94) | 2.84 (2.03-3.64) | 2.12 (1.10-3.14) | 2.43 (1.30-3.57) | .73 |
| South | 2.52 (2.08-2.95) | 2.48 (1.88-3.08) | 1.84 (1.38-2.30) | 2.84 (1.65-4.02) | .14 |
| West | 2.51 (1.98-3.04) | 2.34 (1.30-3.37) | 1.78 (1.29-2.27) | 2.28 (1.53-3.02) | .26 |
| Asthma | 3.98 (3.11-4.84) | 4.77 (3.38-6.17) | 3.39 (2.38-4.39) | 2.58 (1.33-3.82) | .15 |
| Learning disability | 20.24 (18.04-22.45) | 18.47 (14.30-22.65) | 17.10 (14.12-20.07) | 22.23 (17.33-27.13) | .33 |
| ADHD/ADD | 12.20 (10.76-13.64) | 11.89 (8.77-15.00) | 11.94 (8.93-14.95) | 13.88 (10.08-17.68) | .90 |
Abbreviations: ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; ADD, attention deficit disorder.
a
Weighted point estimates were estimated using SAS version 9.4 survey procedures (SAS Institute Inc). Race/ethnicity was self-reported and categorized based on the 1997 Office of Management and Budget Standards.
b
P values were estimated for the difference in prevalence by strata.
c
Data for children with unknown family educational levels or family incomes were not estimated.
d
The family income to poverty ratio was calculated as the ratio of the family’s income to the respective federal poverty threshold.