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. 2021 Feb 22;118(9):e2015691118. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2015691118

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3.

Superinduction of neonatal IgA relies on the maternal microbiota vertically transferred during and after birth. (A) Shannon diversity of microbiota in different sites of the neonatal gastrointestinal tract at 16 d of age (n = 4). ST, stomach. (B) The relative abundance at the order level in 16-d-old pups (n = 4). (C) Principal coordinates analysis of the microbiota in 16-d-old pups (n = 4). (D) Breeding scheme to generate littermate dams. (E) Shannon diversity of the microbiota in the stomach of 16-d-old pups nursed by littermate dams (n ≥ 10). (F) Principal coordinates analysis of the microbiota in the stomach of 16-d-old pups nursed by littermate dams (n ≥ 10). (G) Serum IgA level of 16-d-old pups nursed by littermate dams (n ≥ 21). (H) Serum IgA level of 16-d-old pups nursed by antibiotic-treated dams (n ≥ 7). (I) Scheme showing microbiota transplantation experiments in GF C57BL/6 wild-type mice. The donor material was the stomach contents of 3-d-old immunocompetent pups nursed by SPF Rag1+/+ (WT) or Rag1−/− (KO) dams. (J) Serum IgA levels of 16-d-old pups from GF dams receiving PBS (no), WT, or KO microbiota transplantation (n ≥ 16). One-way ANOVA and two-tailed Student’s t tests were used as appropriate. Error bars show SEM. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001; n.s., not statistically significant.