Table 1.
Characteristics of type 2 diabetes population according to cardiovascular risk
| Moderate risk | High risk | Very high risk | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of subjects | 2,819 | 98,781 | 372,140 | |
| Age (years) | 41.6 ± 6.8 | 66.7 ± 13.1 | 70.0 ± 10.2 | < 0.0001 |
| Sex (% male) | 57.6 | 56.5 | 57.2 | 0.0003 |
| New diagnoses (%) | 25.3 | 9.9 | 4.9 | < 0.0001 |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 3.0 ± 2.8 | 10.1 ± 8.9 | 12.9 ± 9.5 | < 0.0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.6 ± 2.8 | 27.0 ± 4.5 | 30.0 ± 5.5 | < 0.0001 |
| Smokers (%) | 0.0 | 7.6 | 19.2 | < 0.0001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.3 ± 1.7 | 7.1 ± 1.3 | 7.2 ± 1.2 | 0.002 |
| Blood pressure (mmHg) | ||||
| Systolic | 116.4 ± 11.2 | 130.1 ± 17.0 | 136.5 ± 18.3 | < 0.0001 |
| Dyastolic | 73.3 ± 7.7 | 75.9 ± 9.2 | 76.9 ± 9.7 | < 0.0001 |
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 175.1 ± 31.2 | 174.0 ± 33.9 | 167.1 ± 38.8 | < 0.0001 |
| LDL Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 97.8 ± 20.6 | 97.2 ± 27.8 | 91.0 ± 32.7 | < 0.0001 |
| HDL Cholesterol(mg/dl) | 48.5 ± 13.2 | 51.1 ± 13.7 | 48.1 ± 12.7 | < 0.0001 |
| Triglicerides (mg/dl) | 135.8 ± 106.0 | 125.8 ± 78.1 | 141.1 ± 81.6 | < 0.0001 |
| Albuminuria (%) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 39.5 | < 0.0001 |
| eGFR < 30 ml/min/1,73m2 (%) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 8.8 | < 0.0001 |
| Anti-hyperglycemic therapy (%) | ||||
| Metformin | 72.0 | 71.1 | 69.0 | < 0.0001 |
| DPP4-i | 13.3 | 19.8 | 21.5 | < 0.0001 |
| Secretagogues | 7.7 | 15.9 | 16.3 | < 0.0001 |
| Glinides | 1.2 | 3.6 | 3.7 | < 0.0001 |
| SGLT2-i | 8.5 | 7.7 | 10.0 | < 0.0001 |
| Glitazones | 3.1 | 4.0 | 4.4 | < 0.0001 |
| Acarbose | 1.1 | 2.0 | 2.5 | < 0.0001 |
| GLP1-RA | 2.4 | 3.9 | 6.4 | < 0.0001 |
| Insulin | 27.6 | 24.4 | 34.5 | < 0.0001 |
| Diabetes treatment scheme (%) | ||||
| Oral Monotherapy | 38.1 | 35.7 | 27.4 | < 0.0001 |
| Oral Two fold therapy | 19.2 | 23.0 | 21.7 | < 0.0001 |
| Three or more oral drugs | 3.3 | 6.0 | 6.5 | < 0.0001 |
| GLP1-RA ± other drugs | 2.4 | 3.9 | 6.4 | < 0.0001 |
| Insulin + oral drugs | 12.8 | 12.8 | 19.1 | < 0.0001 |
| Multiple daily insulin injections | 14.5 | 10.9 | 14.2 | < 0.0001 |
| Anti-hypertensive therapy (%) | 0.0 | 32.9 | 80.4 | < 0.0001 |
| Lipid-lowering therapy (%) | 0.0 | 18.0 | 72.6 | < 0.0001 |
| Retinopathy (%) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 26.4 | < 0.0001 |
| Non proliferative | 0.0 | 0.0 | 19.5 | |
| Pre-proliferative | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.9 | |
| Proliferative | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.8 | |
| Laser-treated | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.6 | |
| Oftalmopathy | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | |
| Blindness | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | |
| Previous myocardial infarction (%) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 9.5 | < 0.0001 |
| Previous stroke (%) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.3 | < 0.0001 |
| Established cardiovascular disease (%) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 18.7 | < 0.0001 |
| Dialisys (%) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | < 0.0001 |