Table 1.

Background EMG activity during weak voluntary contractions as agonist and antagonist

	Agonist			Antagonist
Target torque	5%MVC	10%MVC	20%MVC	5%MVC	10%MVC	20%MVC
Mean RMS (% of Mmax)
SOL	0.19 ± 0.09	0.26 ± 0.13	0.45 ± 0.21	0.05 ± 0.02	0.07 ± 0.04	0.08 ± 0.03
MG	0.17 ± 0.19	0.23 ± 0.24	0.41 ± 0.31	0.09 ± 0.06	0.12 ± 0.08	0.11 ± 0.07
LG	0.17 ± 0.15	0.24 ± 0.19	0.42 ± 0.30	0.10 ± 0.07	0.11 ± 0.09	0.12 ± 0.07
TA	0.72 ± 0.47*	1.00 ± 0.68*	1 .48 ± 0.91*	0.30 ± 0.42†	0.32 ± 0.36†	0.47 ± 0.51†
RF	0.16 ± 0.04	0.24 ± 0.05	0.52 ± 0.17	0.11 ± 0.07	0.13 ± 0.08	0.10 ± 0.04
VL	0.19 ± 0.11	0.26 ± 0.15	0.54 ± 0.32	0.11 ± 0.06	0.14 ± 0.07	0.13 ± 0.07

Data are mean ± SD. RMS each muscle was normalized by M_max. Major agonist action of the muscles, plantar-flexion: SOL, MG, and LG; dorsi-flexion: TA; knee extension: RF and VL. Major antagonist action of the muscles, dorsi-flexion: SOL, MG, and LG; plantar-flexion: TA; knee flexion: RF and VL

*p < 0.05, vs. SOL, MG, LG, RF, and VL

^†p < 0.05, vs. SOL