Table 1.
Demographics, comorbidities, disease complications, and outcomes of patients with Down syndrome and age, sex, race, and ethnicity-matched controls hospitalized for COVID-19.
| Total (n = 72) number (%) | Control (n = 60) number (%) | Down syndrome (n = 12) number (%) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient demographics | ||||
| Median age (IQR), years | 54 (32–60) | 54 (32–60) | 54 (32–59) | - |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 36 (50.0) | 15 (50.0) | 6 (50.0) | - |
| Male | 36 (50.0) | 15 (50.0) | 6 (50.0) | - |
| Race | ||||
| White | 30 (41.7) | 25 (41.7) | 5 (41.7) | - |
| Unknown | 42 (58.3) | 35 (58.3) | 7 (58.3) | - |
| Ethnicitya | ||||
| Hispanic or Latino or Spanish origin | 14/36 (38.9) | 12/30 (40.0) | 2/6 (33.3) | - |
| Unknown | 22/36 (61.1) | 18/30 (60.0) | 4 (66.7) | - |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 17 (23.6) | 16 (26.7) | 1 (8.3) | 0.2 |
| Atherosclerotic heart disease | 2 (2.8) | 2 (3.3) | 0 | - |
| Obesity | 4 (5.6) | 4 (6.7) | 0 | - |
| Median BMI (IQR), kg/m2 | 29.0 (23.8–33.1) | 29.0 (23.3–33.4) | 28.7 (26.9–31.3) | - |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 15 (20.8) | 10 (16.7) | 5 (41.7) | 0.11 |
| Cancer | ||||
| Current cancer | 2 (2.8) | 1 (1.7) | 1 (8.3) | 0.3 |
| History of cancer | 2 (2.8) | 2 (3.3) | 0 | - |
| Liver disease | ||||
| Cirrhosis | 1 (1.4) | 1 (1.7) | 0 | - |
| Hepatitis | 0 | 0 | 0 | - |
| Lung disease | ||||
| Asthma | 5 (6.9) | 4 (6.7) | 1 (8.3) | 1 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | 2 (2.8) | 2 (3.3) | 0 | - |
| Interstitial lung disease | 1 (1.4) | 1 (1.7) | 0 | - |
| Chronic kidney disease | 1 (1.4) | 1 (1.7) | 0 | - |
| Neurologic | ||||
| Dementia | 4 (5.6) | 1 (1.7) | 3 (25.0) | |
| Epilepsy/seizure disorder | 7 (9.7) | 4 (6.7) | 3 (25.0) | 0.01 |
| Stroke | 1 (1.3) | 1 (1.7) | 0 | 0.09 |
| Transplant <1 year | 1 (1.3) | 1 (1.7) | 0 | - |
| Rheumatic disease | 1 (1.3) | 1 (1.7) | 0 | - |
| HIV/AIDS | 0 | 0 | 0 | - |
| Hypothyroidism | 7 (9.7) | 1 (1.7) | 6 (50.0) | 0.0003 |
| Complications | ||||
| Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) | 15 (20.8) | 10 (16.7) | 5 (41.7) | 0.11 |
| Sepsis | 38 (52.8) | 28 (46.7) | 10 (83.3) | 0.03 |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 13 (18.1) | 8 (13.3) | 5 (41.7) | 0.03 |
| ICU care | 19 (26.4) | 13 (21.7) | 6 (50.0) | 0.07 |
| Outcomes | ||||
| Median length of stay (95% CI), days | 7.6 (6.6–11.9) | 7.1 (5.5–9.1) | 15.8 (11.9–infinity) | 0.1b |
| Patient status at study end | ||||
| Deceased | 7 (9.7) | 4 (6.7) | 3 (25.0) | 0.056c |
| Discharged | 55 (76.4) | 49 (81.7) | 6 (50.0) | 0.033c |
| Still admitted (censored) | 10 (13.9) | 7 (11.7) | 3 (25.0) | |
“-” Denotes p value = 1.
BMI body mass index, CI confidence interval, IQR interquartile range.
a
Ethnicity data only available for Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC) patients.
b
p value calculated using Chi-squared test.
a
Competing risk analysis; comparison of cumulative incidence curves. All other p values calculated with Fisher’s exact test.