Table 2.
Kinematics and kinetics of barefoot walking and taping walking under different task conditions.
| Barefoot | Taping | p value | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| None | Naming | Subtraction | None | Naming | Subtraction | Cognitive | Walking condition | Interaction effect | |
| Speed (m/s) | 1.24 ± 0.10 | 1.23 ± 0.08 | 1.14 ± 0.13 | 1.27 ± 0.06 | 1.28 ± 0.11 | 1.17 ± 0.17 | 0.003∗ | 0.053 | 0.721 |
| STV (%) | 4.55 ± 4.34 | 5.94 ± 4.37 | 6.80 ± 4.83 | 3.79 ± 2.77 | 3.59 ± 2.90 | 3.98 ± 2.49 | 0.130 | 0.020∗ | 0.069 |
| Plantar flexion (IC) (°) | −5.15 ± 3.30 | −6.97 ± 3.30 | −5.83 ± 1.99 | −4.64 ± 3.14 | −5.58 ± 2.61 | −5.63 ± 3.01 | 0.008∗ | 0.269 | 0.243 |
| Inversion (IC) (°) | −0.53 ± 5.70 | 0.23 ± 6.09 | 0.13 ± 5.99 | −1.21 ± 5.35 | 0.29 ± 4.51 | 0.26 ± 5.18 | 0.197 | 0.899 | 0.935 |
| Maximal plantar flexion (°) | −10.79 ± 2.78 | −12.00 ± 2.62 | −11.96 ± 2.57 | −10.23 ± 3.15 | −10.57 ± 3.15 | −11.32 ± 3.93 | 0.107 | 0.061 | 0.375 |
| Maximal inversion (°) | 1.91 ± 4.65 | 1.83 ± 4.67 | 1.96 ± 3.90 | 0.04 ± 5.59 | 0.77 ± 4.82 | 0.67 ± 5.91 | 0.623 | 0.360 | 0.550 |
| Vertical GRF (N kg−1) | 0.89 ± 0.12 | 0.86 ± 0.12 | 0.81 ± 0.13 | 0.90 ± 0.10 | 0.97 ± 0.14 | 0.90 ± 0.16 | 0.107 | 0.001∗ | 0.013∗ |
| AP GRF (N kg−1) | 0.19 ± 0.03 | 0.19 ± 0.05 | 0.17 ± 0.02 | 0.18 ± 0.03 | 0.20 ± 0.04 | 0.18 ± 0.03 | 0.066 | 0.306 | 0.353 |
| ML GRF (N kg−1) | 0.01 ± 0.02 | 0.02 ± 0.02 | 0.02 ± 0.02 | 0.02 ± 0.04 | 0.01 ± 0.02 | 0.03 ± 0.03 | 0.456 | 0.168 | 0.124 |
∗Significant differences with P < 0.05. AP, anterior-posterior; GRF, ground reaction force; IC, initial contact; ML, medial-lateral; STV, stride time variability.