Table 1. Summary of airway epithelial cell types used in cell culture experiments with SARS-CoV-2.

Cell types	Characteristics	Findings
Primary HNEC	Primary cell	Express ACE2 and TMPRSS2 (46)
		SARS-CoV-2 infection on the apical surface
			- Secretion of CXCL10 (46)
Primary HBEC	Primary cell	Express ACE2 and TMPRSS2 (35,42)
		SARS-CoV-2 infection on the apical surface
			- Downregulation of tight junction molecules and loss of cilia (48)
			- Production of IL-6, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 (50)
			- Induction of CCL20, CXCL1, IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL3, CXCL5, CXCL6, CXCL2, CXCL16, and TNF (45)
		Therapeutic effect: remdesivir (42), camostat mesylate and CatB/L inhibitor (16)
A549 cell	Type II pneumocyte cell line	Strong expression (43) or low expression (16,44) of ACE2
BEAS-2B cell	Normal bronchial epithelial cell line	Therapeutic effect: meplazumab (102)
Calu-3 cell	Lung cancer cell line	Therapeutic effect: camostat mesylate and CatB/L inhibitor (16), IFN-α and IFN-λ (106)
Vero E6 cell	Kidney epithelial cell line	Therapeutic effect: meplazumab (102), human soluble ACE2 (99), IFN-α and IFN-λ (106)