Table 2. COVID-19 vaccines in phase 3 clinical trials and beyond (as of December 2020).
| Platform | Developer (product name) | Target antigen | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| mRNA | Moderna (mRNA-1273) | S protein with 2P (K986P and V987P) | LNP-encapsulated |
| Pfizer/BioNTech (BNT-162b2) | S protein with 2P (K986P and V987P) | LNP-encapsulated | |
| CureVac AG (CVnCoV) | S protein | LNP-encapsulated | |
| Viral-vectored | CanSino Biological Inc vaccine (Ad5-nCoV) | S protein | Human Ad5 |
| Oxford/AstraZenaca (AZD-1222) | S protein | Chimpanzee adenovirus | |
| Gamaleya Research Institutes (Gam-COVID-Vac) | S protein | rAd5 and rAd26 prime-boost | |
| Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies (Ad26.COV2.5) | S protein with 2P (K986P and V987P) and 2 mutations at furin cleavage site (R682S and R685G) | Ad26 | |
| Inactivated virus | Wuhan Institute of Biological Products/Sinopharm (NA) | Whole pathogen | Alum adjuvant |
| Beijing Institute of Biological Products/Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV) | Whole pathogen | Alum adjuvant | |
| Sinovac Life Sciences (CoronaVac) | Whole pathogen | Alum adjuvant | |
| Recombinant protein subunit | Novavax (NVX-CoV2373) | S protein with 2P (K986P and V987P) and 3 mutations at furin cleavage site (R682Q, R683Q and R685Q) | Protein nanoparticle, matrix-M™ adjuvant |
| Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical (NA) | RBD | RBD-dimer, alum adjuvant | |
| DNA | Inovio (INO-4800) | S protein | Electroporation, intradermal injection |
| Osaka University/AnGes/Takara Bio (AG0301-COVID19) | S protein | Alum adjuvant, intramuscular injection |
LNP, lipid nanoparticle; NA, not available.