Table 1.
Baseline characteristics before propensity score matching (n = 1,701).
| Characteristics | LMR | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| <3.58 (n = 571) | ≥3.58 (n = 1,130) | p-value | |
| Demographics | |||
| Age, years | 69.3 (61.2–77) | 65.8 (56.3–74.3) | <0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 422 (73.9) | 756 (66.9) | 0.003 |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | 0.008 | ||
| White | 428 (75) | 816 (72.2) | |
| Black | 10 (1.8) | 54 (4.8) | |
| Others | 133 (23.3) | 260 (23) | |
| Vital signs | |||
| HR, beats/minute | 85.1 (79.5–91.4) | 85.4 (79.7–91.4) | 0.640 |
| SBP, mmHg | 111.7 (106.1–120) | 111.3 (105.7–119.1) | 0.299 |
| DBP, mmHg | 55.8 (51.7–60.2) | 56.6 (52.7–61) | 0.016 |
| RR, times/minute | 17 (15.5–19.4) | 16.7 (15.1–18.8) | 0.003 |
| Temperature, °C | 36.9 (36.6–37.2) | 36.9 (36.6–37.2) | 0.321 |
| SpO2, % | 98.2 (97.4–99) | 98.4 (97.5–99.1) | 0.048 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Congestive heart failure | 267 (46.8) | 297 (26.3) | <0.001 |
| Cardiac arrhythmias | 343 (60.1) | 493 (43.6) | <0.001 |
| Valvular disease | 169 (29.6) | 225 (19.9) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 380 (66.5) | 793 (70.2) | 0.127 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 117 (20.5) | 164 (14.5) | 0.002 |
| Renal failure | 96 (16.8) | 70 (6.2) | <0.001 |
| Liver disease | 24 (4.2) | 30 (2.7) | 0.850 |
| Coagulopathy | 45 (7.9) | 58 (5.1) | 0.025 |
| Diabetes | 188 (32.9) | 397 (35.1) | 0.365 |
| Laboratory events | |||
| LMR | 2.6 (2–3.1) | 5.4 (4.5–7) | <0.001 |
| NLR | 5.6 (3.8–9.2) | 2.5 (1.8–3.6) | <0.001 |
| PLR | 181.7 (137.5–255.1) | 120.5 (92.4–156.7) | <0.001 |
| WBC, 109/L | 8.9 (6.7–12.2) | 7.5 (6–9.4) | <0.001 |
| Neutrophils, % | 77.2 (70.1–84.1) | 66 (59.1–72.8) | <0.001 |
| Monocytes, % | 5.5 (4.2–7) | 4.6 (3.7–5.5) | <0.001 |
| Lymphocytes, % | 13.7 (9–18.7) | 25.7 (20.4–31.8) | <0.001 |
| Platelets, 109/L | 221 (175–282) | 228 (190.8–275.3) | 0.056 |
| Hemoglobin, g/Dl | 10.1 (9.2–11.1) | 10.5 (9.5–11.5) | <0.001 |
| Serum sodium, mmol/L | 137.5 (135.5–139) | 137.5 (136–139) | 0.013 |
| Serum potassium, mmol/L | 4.6 (4.2–4.9) | 4.5 (4.2–4.8) | 0.033 |
| Serum creatinine, mg/Dl | 1 (0.8–1.4) | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | <0.001 |
| Scores | |||
| SAPS II | 36 (29–43) | 31 (25–39) | <0.001 |
| SOFA | 5 (3–7) | 4 (3–6) | <0.001 |
| Surgical type | |||
| CABG | 390 (68.3) | 837 (74.1) | 0.012 |
Values are presented as the mean ± standard deviation, median (interquartile range), or number of patients (%).
HR, heart rate; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; RR, respiratory rate; SpO2, percutaneous oxygen saturation; LMR, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio; NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PLR, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; WBC, white blood cell; SAPS II, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting.