Table 2.
Overview of mean values and SDs for traditional measures of standing balance.
| Age group | EO | EC | ECHB | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Range_ml (mm) | 3 years | 33.07 ± 8.85 | 43.38 ± 12.08 | 51.26 ± 15.85 |
| 4 years | 30.76 ± 8.50 | 41.53 ± 11.40 | 52.89 ± 17.31 | |
| 5 years | 29.69 ± 11.31 | 44.41 ± 18.57 | 51.21 ± 17.43 | |
| Range_ap (mm) | 3 years | 32.79 ± 9.35 | 37.24 ± 11.63 | 51.95 ± 16.49 |
| 4 years | 27.09 ± 7.57 | 37.27 ± 8.84 | 47.12 ± 13.43 | |
| 5 years | 33.92 ± 13.49 | 42.52 ± 14.94 | 52.06 ± 19.52 | |
| SD_ml (mm) | 3 years | 6.71 ± 1.64 | 8.28 ± 2.32 | 9.98 ± 3.07 |
| 4 years | 5.96 ± 1.43 | 8.12 ± 2.07 | 9.74 ± 2.85 | |
| 5 years | 5.77 ± 1.88 | 8.53 ± 3.25 | 9.67 ± 2.81 | |
| SD_ap (mm) | 3 years | 6.57 ± 1.85 | 7.38 ± 2.44 | 9.78 ± 2.98 |
| 4 years | 5.73 ± 1.82 | 7.26 ± 1.61 | 9.06 ± 2.33 | |
| 5 years | 7.17 ± 2.81 | 8.81 ± 2.97 | 9.36 ± 2.59 | |
| MV_ml (mm/s) | 3 years | 19.16 ± 6.08 | 25.39 ± 7.13 | 31.78 ± 11.36 |
| 4 years | 17.53 ± 5.51 | 26.80 ± 9.19 | 32.09 ± 11.71 | |
| 5 years | 17.12 ± 6.27 | 25.61 ± 11.42 | 30.88 ± 13.91 | |
| MV_ap (mm/s) | 3 years | 21.85 ± 6.17 | 26.86 ± 6.95 | 38.24 ± 10.58 |
| 4 years | 17.98 ± 4.24 | 25.31 ± 7.14 | 35.22 ± 9.04 | |
| 5 years | 18.97 ± 8.20 | 25.71 ± 9.24 | 35.73 ± 14.87 | |
| Path (mm) | 3 years | 484.76 ± 137.50 | 617.29 ± 156.29 | 829.63 ± 243.83 |
| 4 years | 420.13 ± 108.33 | 616.99 ± 182.48 | 794.92 ± 233.59 | |
| 5 years | 428.54 ± 169.32 | 606.14 ± 232.30 | 788.23 ± 327.28 | |
| Area (mm2) | 3 years | 517.25 ± 233.98 | 755.14 ± 450.46 | 1213.20 ± 759.88 |
| 4 years | 410.59 ± 179.09 | 718.19 ± 297.22 | 1082.66 ± 554.14 | |
| 5 years | 515.29 ± 326.91 | 936.00 ± 654.67 | 1111.97 ± 657.01 |
EO, eyes open; EC, eyes closed; ECHB, eyes closed and head extended backward.