DAPK3-overexpressed MKN45 cells were transfected with siRNAs against ATG5, ATG7, or control siRNA, respectively. Autophagy activity was examined by western blot assay (a) and GFP-LC3 fluorescence assay (b) (original magnification, 600×, scale bar: 20 μm). Cell growth rates, migration and invasion were measured by XTT assay (c), wound healing assay (d) and transwell assay (e) respectively (***P < 0.001, Student’s t test) (original magnification, 200×, scale bars: 100 μm).