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. 2021 Feb 22;15:615798. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.615798

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Copyright © 2021 Minakova, Sarafinovska, Mikati, Barclay, McCullough, Dougherty, Al-Hasani and Maloney.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Prolonged and in utero Oxy exposure, as well as cross-fostering, decreases weight gain after weaning. (A) Schematic of the treatment paradigm for maternal Oxy exposure and weight measurements throughout development. (B) Line graph of weight in all offspring (sex, p = 0.002; drug, p = 0.021; age, p < 0.000; sex × dam × drug × age, p = 1.2916E^{– 22}). (C,D) Line graph of weight in (C) male and (D) female offspring. (E,F) Prolonged Oxy exposure, relative to prolonged Veh exposure, led to significantly lower weights post-weaning in (E) male (P23, p = 0.075; P25, p = 0.027; P27, p = 0.011; P30, p = 0.002) and (F) female offspring (P21, p = 0.010; P23, p = 0.041; P25, p = 0.022; P27, p = 0.075; P30, p = 0.089). (G,H) In utero Oxy exposure, relative to in utero Veh exposure, led to significantly lower weights post-weaning in (G) male offspring only (P23, p = 0.042; P25, p = 0.001; P27, p = 0.001; P30, p = 0.000018), with no effects in (H) female offspring. (I,J) In utero Oxy exposure with cross-fostering, relative to prolonged Oxy exposure, led to decreased weight in adolescence in (I) male pups only (P5, p = 0.049; P25, p = 0.053; P27, p = 0.026; P30, p = 0.002), with no effects in (J) female offspring. (K,L) In utero Veh exposure with cross-fostering, relative to prolonged Veh exposure, led to decreased weight post-weaning in (K) male (P27, p = 0.063; P30, p = 0.011) and (L) female offspring (P21, p = 0.057; P23, p = 0.042; P25, p = 0.033; P27, p = 0.064; P30, p = 0.035). Closed circles depict mean weight, with litter size as a covariate (p = 0.002), while open circles depict individual weights. Gray vertical line indicates date of weaning.