Table 2.
Prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in children with COVID-19.
| Author | Journal | Number of patients | Median years (range or SD) | N (%) with GI symptoms | GI symptoms | D | V | N | A | F |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N; %) | (N; %) | (N; %) | (N; %) | (N; %) | ||||||
| Bialek et al. (49) | MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 2020 | 291 | <18 | NR | D/V&N/A | 37 (13) | 31 (11)∧ | 31 (11)∧ | 17 (5.8) | 0 |
| Cai et al. (50) | J Med Virol, 2020 | 3 | 7.7 (2.2–11) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cai et al. (51) | Clin Infec Dis, 2020 | 10 | 6.2 (0.3–10.9) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| de Ceano-Vivas et al. (52) | Arch Dis Child, 2020 | 58 | 3 (0.3–12.2) | NR | D | 9 (15.5) | 7 (12.1) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Derespina et al. (53) | J Pediatr, 2020 | 70 | 15 (9–19) | NR | D/V/N | 18 (25.7) | 24 (34.3)∧ | 24 (34.3)∧ | 0 | 0 |
| Du et al. (54) | Allergy, 2020 | 182 | 6 (3–15) | 20 (11) | D/V/A | 9 (4.9) | 7 (3.8) | 0 | 7 (3.8) | 0 |
| Garazzino et al. (55) | Euro Surveill, 2020 | 168 | 2.3 (0.3–9.6) | NR | D/V | 22 (13.1) | 9 (5.4) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Giacomet et al. (56) | Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2020 | 107 | 1.6 (0.3–7.9) | 26 (24.3) | D/V/A | 20 (18.7) | 6 (5.6) | 0 | 6 (5.6) | 0 |
| Kim et al. (57) | MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 2020 | 224 | <18 | NR | D/V&N/A | 27 (12.1) | 69 (30.8) | 69 (30.8) | 42 (18.8) | 0 |
| Lu et al. (58) | N Engl J Med, 2020 | 171 | 6.7 (0–15) | NR | D/V | 15 (8.8) | 11 (6.4) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Miller et al. (59) | Gastroenterology, 2020 | 44 | 7.3 (SD 4.9) | 37 (84.1) | D/V/N/A | 25 (56.8) | 18 (40) | 8 (18.2) | 33 (75) | NR |
| Moreno et al. (60) | World J Pediatr, 2020 | 11 | 5.1 (0.1–15) | NR | D/V/A | 3 (27.3) | 3 (27.3) | 0 | 3 (27.3) | 0 |
| Parri et al. (61) | N Engl J Med, 2020 | 100 | 3.3 (0–17.5) | NR | D/N&V/F | 9 (9) | 10 (10)∧ | 10 (10)∧ | 23 (23) | |
| Qiu et al. (62) | Lancet Infect Dis, 2020 | 36 | 8.3 (1–16) | 2 (6) | D/V | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| See et al. (63) | Int J Infect Dis, 2020 | 4 | 6.4 (1.6–11) | 1 (25) | D | 1 (25) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Shekerdemian et al. (64) | JAMA Pediatr, 2020 | 48 | 13 (4.2–16.6) | 1 (2) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Su et al. (65) | Emerg Microbes Infect, 2020 | 9 | 3.7 (0.9–9) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Sun et al. (66) | World J Ped, 2020 | 8 | 4.4 (0.2–15) | NR | D/V&N | 3 (37.5) | 4 (50) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Tan et al. (67) | J Clin Virol, 2020 | 10 | 7.5 (1.1–12.1) | 2 (20) | V/A | 0 | 1 (10) | 1 (10) | 0 | 0 |
| Waterfield et al. (68) | MedRxiv, 2020 | 68 | 10.1 (2–16) | 13 (19) | D/V/A | – | – | – | – | – |
| Xiong et al. (69) | Gut, 2020 | 244 | 1.2 (0.3–7.8) | 34 (13.9) | D/V/N/A/F | 15 (6.1) | 23 (9.4) | 0 | 4 (1.6) | 8 (3.3) |
| Xu et al. (19) | Nat Med, 2020 | 10 | 7.5 (0.2–15.7) | 3 (30) | D | 3/30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Yu and Chen (70) | Front Pediatr, 2020 | 44 | 7 (1–18) | NR | D/N&V | 6 (13.6) | 8 (18.2)∧ | 8 (18.2)∧ | 0 | 0 |
| Zheng et al. (71) | Curr Med Sci, 2020 | 25 | 3 (0.3–14) | NR | D/V/A | 3 (12) | 2 (8) | 0 | 2 (8) | 0 |
| Zheng et al. (72) | Pediatr Pulmonol, 2020 | 52 | 9 (4–12) | 1 (1.9) | D/A/F | NR | NR | 0 | 0 | NR |
| Zhu et al. (73) | Pediatr Pulmonol, 2020 | 10 | 9.2 (1.7–17) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
GI, gastrointestinal; D, diarrhea; V, vomiting; N, nausea; A, abdominal pain; F, feeding intolerance; NR, not reported.
∧
nausea and vomiting were considered together.