Table 2.
Patient demographics in control and intervention periods
| Control | Intervention | |
|---|---|---|
| AKI episodes, n | 14,042 | 10,017 |
| Male, % | 50.3 | 48.1 |
| Age group, yrs, % | ||
| 18–59 | 23.1 | 20.3 |
| 60–69 | 15.7 | 15.3 |
| 70–79 | 23.7 | 23.5 |
| 80–89 | 27.2 | 29.8 |
| ≥90 | 10.3 | 11.1 |
| Median age, yrs | 75.4 | 76.6 |
| Charlson comorbidity score, % | ||
| 0 | 16.4 | 18.8 |
| 1 | 20.3 | 21.0 |
| 2 | 20.2 | 19.4 |
| ≥3 | 43.1 | 40.8 |
| Individual comorbidities, % | ||
| Previous myocardial infarction | 15.1 | 14.4 |
| Heart failure | 23.0 | 22.6 |
| Previous stroke | 7.0 | 6.9 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 27.3 | 28.1 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 22.0 | 23.5 |
| Chronic liver disease | 8.8 | 7.0 |
| Ethnicity, % | ||
| Afro-Caribbean | 1.4 | 0.8 |
| South Asian | 5.5 | 5.9 |
| Other | 2.8 | 2.8 |
| White | 86.1 | 85.3 |
| Missing | 4.2 | 5.2 |
| Social deprivation score,a % | ||
| 1 (least deprived) | 23.6 | 36.4 |
| 2 | 17.8 | 16.7 |
| 3 | 16.0 | 15.8 |
| 4 | 15.7 | 13.3 |
| 5 (most deprived) | 26.8 | 17.6 |
| Missing | 0.1 | 0.2 |
| Peak AKI stage, % per stage | ||
| 1 | 60.6 | 64.5 |
| 2 | 21.4 | 19.8 |
| 3 | 18.0 | 15.7 |
| Hospital-acquired AKI,b % | 53.8 | 49.4 |
| 30-day crude mortality, % | 25.2 | 23.9 |
| Median hospital LoS, days (IQR) | 10 (5–20) | 9 (4–18) |
AKI, acute kidney injury; Ashford, Ashford and St Peter’s Hospital; Bradford, Bradford Royal Infirmary; Frimley, Frimley Park Hospital; IQR, interquartile range; LGI, Leeds General Infirmary; LSJ, Leeds St James’ Hospital.
Data shown are unadjusted and because of the stepped wedge study design, centers contributed differing amounts of data to control and intervention periods. Unadjusted comparisons between control and intervention periods are therefore not valid.
a
Social deprivation scores show the proportion of patients in each quintile of the index of multiple deprivation.
b
Hospital-acquired AKI defined as AKI onset >24 hours after hospital admission.