Table 3.
Associations of sTNFR-1, sTNFR-2, YKL-40, MCP-1, and suPAR with adverse clinical outcomes
| Events | Events per 100 person-yearsa | Model 1, HR (95% CI) | Model 2, HR (95% CI) | Model 3, HR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sTNFR-1 | |||||
| Kidney disease progressionb | 182 | 10.1 | 1.63 (1.47–1.81) | 1.58 (1.39–1.78) | 1.33 (1.13–1.56) |
| ESKD | 124 | 5.8 | 1.87 (1.65–2.11) | 1.88 (1.62–2.17) | 1.31 (1.07–1.60) |
| Mortality | 85 | 3.1 | 1.45 (1.25–1.68) | 1.37 (1.15–1.63) | 1.17 (0.94–1.46) |
| sTNFR-2 | |||||
| Kidney disease progressionb | 182 | 10.1 | 1.75 (1.55–1.97) | 1.79 (1.55–2.06) | 1.47 (1.24–1.75) |
| ESKD | 124 | 5.8 | 2.05 (1.75–2.39) | 2.17 (1.80–2.61) | 1.50 (1.18–1.90) |
| Mortality | 85 | 3.1 | 1.62 (1.35–1.95) | 1.53 (1.25–1.87) | 1.33 (1.04–1.71) |
| YKL-40 | |||||
| Kidney disease progressionb | 171 | 9.9 | 1.46 (1.30–1.65) | 1.41 (1.23–1.62) | 1.21 (1.04–1.40) |
| ESKD | 117 | 5.8 | 1.58 (1.37–1.84) | 1.59 (1.33–1.91) | 1.19 (0.99–1.44) |
| Mortality | 77 | 3.0 | 1.80 (1.48–2.19) | 1.57 (1.26–1.96) | 1.45 (1.15–1.82) |
| MCP-1 | |||||
| Kidney disease progressionb | 182 | 10.1 | 1.24 (1.06–1.45) | 1.23 (1.02–1.48) | 1.33 (1.09–1.61) |
| ESKD | 124 | 5.8 | 1.27 (1.05–1.54) | 1.25 (1.00–1.57) | 1.47 (1.16–1.88) |
| Mortality | 84 | 3.1 | 1.33 (1.05–1.69) | 1.32 (1.00–1.74) | 1.36 (1.03–1.79) |
| suPAR | |||||
| Kidney disease progressionb | 176 | 10.6 | 1.20 (1.12–1.29) | 1.17 (1.08–1.27) | 1.08 (0.99–1.19) |
| ESKD | 122 | 6.3 | 1.26 (1.17–1.37) | 1.25 (1.14–1.37) | 1.11 (0.99–1.25) |
| Mortality | 82 | 3.2 | 1.19 (1.07–1.32) | 1.15 (1.02–1.31) | 1.08 (0.94–1.24) |
CI, confidence interval; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ESKD, end-stage kidney disease; HR, hazard ratio; MCP, monocyte chemoattractant protein; sTNFR, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor, suPAR, soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor.
Model 1 is unadjusted. Model 2 is stratified by site and adjusted for age, sex, race, natural log transformed proteinuria, and primary clinicopathologic diagnosis. Model 3 is Model 2 and further adjusted for baseline eGFR.
HR per doubling of biomarker.
Approximate events per 100 person-years. For the composite outcome with interval censored data, if an event occurred, the time used is one-half of the interval width plus all of the time before the interval as the approximate exposure time (the exact time an event occurred is not known if a ≥40% decline in eGFR occurred.
Kidney disease progression defined as ≥40% eGFR decline or ESKD.