Table 2.

Results of ANOVA tests of the effects of age, caste and their interaction on PC1 and PC2. Shown are the degrees of freedom (d.f.), F- and p-values from type II ANOVAs testing the effects of age, caste and the interaction between age and caste for each species, separately for PC1 and PC2. Note that, for the ants, two tissue sources were studied.

	age			caste			age × caste
	d.f.	F	p	d.f.	F	p	d.f.	F	p
C. secundus	whole body without gut
PC1	1	5.09	0.065	2	432.21	<0.0001	2	3.30	0.108
PC2	1	2.22	0.187	2	43.26	0.0003	2	7.17	0.026
M. bellicosus	head + prothorax
PC1	1	3.17	0.094	3	191.92	<0.0001	3	4.21	0.022
PC2	1	10.79	0.0047	3	5.38	0.009	3	6.73	0.004
E. viridissima	abdomen
PC1	1	13.05	0.003	1	13.99	0.002	1	0.14	0.718
PC2	1	0.02	0.900	1	0.09	0.771	1	7.35	0.018
A. mellifera capensis	fat body
PC1	1	2.80	0.170	1	44.73	0.003	1	6.45	0.064
PC2	1	7.65	0.051	1	0.003	0.961	1	0.50	0.520
P. punctata	head
PC1	1	5945.57	<0.0001	1	0.04	0.836	1	1.72	0.209
PC2	1	0.001	0.977	1	2.92	0.107	1	6.39	0.022
	abdomen
PC1	1	526.58	<0.0001	1	28.87	<0.0001	1	15.39	0.001
PC2	1	7.72	0.013	1	40.17	<0.0001	1	13.90	0.002
T. rugatulus	brain
PC1	1	0.74	0.397	1	972.39	<0.0001	1	10.84	0.370
PC2	1	0.01	0.915	1	0.03	0.854	1	0.002	0.960
	fat body
PC1	1	0.34	0.566	1	309.61	<0.0001	1	0.17	0.678
PC2	1	0.02	0.896	1	0.089	0.768	1	<0.001	0.997