Fig. 4.

Spindle frequency signals are transmitted from the cerebellum to M1 via the thalamus. A. Directed coherence between cerebellum and thalamus, and thalamus and M1, for two animals. Frequencies with significant directionality indicated by coloured lines (P < 0.05, paired t-test across sessions). B. Top: Example of simultaneously recorded spindle-like events from M1, thalamus (Th) and cerebellum (Cb). Bottom: Cross-correlation between spindle-band amplitude envelopes in M1 and cerebellum for an example session. The offset cross-correlation peak shows the cerebellum leading M1. C. Histograms of cross-correlation peak times for pair-wise comparisons between areas across all sessions. P values are for one-sample t-test. D. Schematic summary of the main direction and frequency of communication during SWS and non-SWS. E. Schematic summarizing the known anatomical connectivity in the cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuit (CC, DCN, TRN and VPL represent cerebellar cortex, deep cerebellar nuclei, thalamic reticular nucleus and ventroposterior-lateral thalamus respectively).