Table 1.
Demographics, comorbidities and symptoms at VOMC intake visit
| Initial symptom severity | ANOVA p value | ||||
| Total (n=337) | Mild (n=223) | Moderate (n=106) | Severe (n=8) | ||
| Demographics | |||||
| Age, mean (95% CI) | 45.7 (44.1 to 47.2) | 44.6 (42.2 to 45.9) | 48.1 (45.5 to 60.9) | 57.9 (44.8 to 71.0) | 0.003 |
| Symptom onset to first VOMC visit (days, 95% CI)* | 5.8 (5.5 to 6.0) | 5.7 (5.3 to 6.0) | 6.0 (5.6 to 6.4) | 5.6 (4.1 to 7.1) | 0.508 |
| Symptom onset to last phone call (days, 95% CI)† | 19.0 (18.0 to 20.0) | 17.3 (16.2 to 18.4) | 22.5 (20.5 to 24.6) | 19.9 (6.3 to 33.5) | <0.001 |
| Count (%) | Χ2 p value | ||||
| Gender (men) | 108 (32) | 74 (33) | 34 (32) | 0 (0) | 0.142 |
| Gender (women) | 232 (68) | 149 (67) | 72 (68) | 8 (100) | |
| Race (white) | 59 (17) | 38 (17) | 19 (18) | 2 (25) | 0.397 |
| Race (black) | 177 (52) | 112 (50) | 56 (53) | 6 (75) | |
| Race (other/unknown) | 104 (31) | 73 (33) | 31 (29) | 0 (0) | |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Age ≥60 | 61 (18%) | 35 (16%) | 24 (23%) | 2 (25%) | 0.272 |
| Alcohol abuse/addiction | 4 (1%) | 2 (1%) | 2 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 0.699 |
| Asthma | 43 (13%) | 19 (9%) | 22 (21%) | 2 (25%) | 0.005 |
| Cancer or malignancy | 24 (7%) | 17 (8%) | 6 (6%) | 1 (13%) | 0.678 |
| Confirmed pregnant | 1 (0.3%) | 1 (0.4%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0.774 |
| COPD | 2 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 0.112 |
| Coronary artery disease | 9 (3%) | 5 (2%) | 4 (4%) | 0 (0%) | 0.646 |
| Diabetes | 48 (13%) | 26 (12%) | 19 (18%) | 3 (38%) | 0.051 |
| Drug abuse/addiction | 3 (1%) | 2 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 0.963 |
| Heart failure | 3 (1%) | 1 (0.4%) | 1 (1%) | 1 (13%) | 0.002 |
| Hypertension | 110 (33%) | 64 (29%) | 41 (38%) | 6 (75%) | 0.009 |
| Immune suppression | 17 (5%) | 7 (3%) | 9 (8%) | 1 (13%) | 0.073 |
| Lung disease | 8 (2%) | 3 (1%) | 5 (5%) | 0 (0%) | 0.155 |
| Obesity (BMI >30) | 100 (30%) | 60 (27%) | 36 (34%) | 4 (50%) | 0.189 |
| Renal disease | 8 (2%) | 4 (2%) | 3 (3%) | 0 (0%) | 0.758 |
| Symptom present prior to or at intake visit | |||||
| Current fever | 121 (36%) | 66 (30%) | 51 (48%) | 4 (50%) | 0.003 |
| Chills | 180 (53%) | 102 (46%) | 72 (68%) | 6 (75%) | <0.001 |
| Body aches | 216 (64%) | 127 (57%) | 83 (78%) | 6 (75%) | 0.001 |
| Dizziness when standing | 102 (30%) | 47 (21%) | 51 (48%) | 4 (50%) | <0.001 |
| Confusion | 10 (3%) | 4 (2%) | 4 (4%) | 2 (25%) | 0.001 |
| Headache | 221 (66%) | 141 (63%) | 74 (70%) | 6 (75%) | 0.427 |
| Loss of smell or taste | 187 (55%) | 114 (51%) | 66 (62%) | 7 (88%) | 0.030 |
| Sinus congestion | 192 (57%) | 122 (55%) | 65 (61%) | 5 (63%) | 0.501 |
| Sore throat | 108 (32%) | 70 (31%) | 35 (33%) | 3 (38%) | 0.905 |
| Cough | 247 (73%) | 149 (67%) | 91 (86%) | 7 (88%) | 0.001 |
| Chest tightness | 110 (33%) | 55 (25%) | 49 (46%) | 6 (75%) | <0.001 |
| SOB at rest | 46 (14%) | 19 (8%) | 22 (21%) | 5 (63%) | <0.001 |
| SOB with exertion | 122 (36%) | 48 (22%) | 68 (64%) | 6 (75%) | <0.001 |
| Wheezing | 43 (13%) | 20 (9%) | 22 (21%) | 1 (13%) | 0.011 |
| Abdominal pain | 53 (16%) | 27 (12%) | 25 (24%) | 1 (13%) | 0.027 |
| Nausea | 82 (24%) | 32 (15%) | 45 (42%) | 5 (63%) | <0.001 |
| Diarrhoea | 112 (33%) | 62 (28%) | 48 (45%) | 2 (25%) | 0.006 |
| Joint pain | 94 (28%) | 44 (20%) | 47 (44%) | 3 (38%) | <0.001 |
| Rash | 13 (4%) | 6 (3%) | 6 (6%) | 1 (13%) | 0.187 |
*Number of days from initial symptom(s) of COVID-19 to completion of telemedicine intake visit for the VOMC, inclusive of time required for testing, result notification and scheduling with VOMC.
†Number of days from initial symptom(s) of COVID-19 to the final telephone call with VOMC. The calls would end with patient-reported symptom improvement (not necessary resolution) or hospital admission.
ANOVA, analysis of variance; BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SOB, shortness of breath; VOMC, Virtual Outpatient Management Clinic.