Table 5.
Covariates affecting duration of symptoms derived from accelerated failure time model with each symptom modelled separately
| Symptom | Covariate | Duration multiplier (95% CI) | P value |
| Abdominal pain | Immune suppression | 7.48 (3.26 to 17.18) | <0.001 |
| Body aches | Mild initial symptom severity* | Reference | |
| Moderate initial symptom severity | 1.87 (1.44 to 2.42) | <0.001 | |
| Severe initial symptom severity | 4.01 (1.66 to 9.68) | 0.002 | |
| Chest tightness | Mild initial symptom severity | Reference | |
| Moderate initial symptom severity | 1.36 (0.96 to 1.93) | 0.083 | |
| Severe initial symptom severity | 4.26 (1.68 to 10.78) | 0.002 | |
| Chills | Mild initial symptom severity | Reference | |
| Moderate initial symptom severity | 1.57 (1.21 to 2.03) | 0.001 | |
| Severe initial symptom severity | 2.75 (1.28 to 5.90) | 0.009 | |
| Confusion | Race=White | Reference | |
| Race=Black | 1.65 (1.03 to 2.63) | 0.036 | |
| Race=Other | 7.44 (3.98 to 13.92) | <0.001 | |
| Congestion | Female | 1.57 (1.12 to 2.20) | 0.009 |
| Mild initial symptom severity | Reference | ||
| Moderate initial symptom severity | 1.66 (1.20 to 2.31) | 0.002 | |
| Severe initial symptom severity | 1.97 (0.59 to 6.57) | 0.27 | |
| Cough | Mild initial symptom severity | Reference | |
| Moderate initial symptom severity | 1.52 (1.15 to 1.99) | 0.003 | |
| Severe initial symptom severity | 3.46 (1.25 to 9.58) | 0.017 | |
| Diarrhoea | Race=White | Reference | |
| Race=Black | 0.56 (0.37 to 0.84) | 0.005 | |
| Race=Other | 0.61 (0.39 to 0.96) | 0.033 | |
| Mild initial symptom severity | Reference | ||
| Moderate initial symptom severity | 1.72 (1.24 to 2.38) | 0.001 | |
| Severe initial symptom severity | 3.41 (0.91 to 12.74) | 0.068 | |
| Dizziness | Mild initial symptom severity | Reference | |
| Moderate initial symptom severity | 1.79 (1.24 to 2.58) | 0.002 | |
| Severe initial symptom severity | 6.09 (1.80 to 20.54) | 0.004 | |
| Fever | Mild initial symptom severity | Reference | |
| Moderate initial symptom severity | 1.31 (0.92 to 1.87) | 0.132 | |
| Severe initial symptom severity | 4.76 (1.51 to 15.07) | 0.008 | |
| Immune suppression | 1.97 (1.01 to 3.85) | 0.048 | |
| Headache | Female | 1.34 (1.01 to 1.79) | 0.043 |
| Mild initial symptom severity | Reference | ||
| Moderate initial symptom severity | 2.10 (1.58 to 2.78) | <0.001 | |
| Severe initial symptom severity | 1.91 (0.74 to 4.98) | 0.184 | |
| Joint pain | Obesity | 1.74 (1.09 to 2.76) | 0.019 |
| Loss of smell or taste | Female | 1.63 (1.24 to 2.13) | <0.001 |
| Immune suppression | 3.06 (1.48 to 6.34) | 0.003 | |
| Nausea |
Mild initial symptom severity | Reference | |
| Moderate initial symptom severity | 1.73 (1.15 to 2.61) | 0.009 | |
| Severe initial symptom severity | 2.76 (0.73 to 10.42) | 0.135 | |
| SOB at rest | Race=White | Reference | |
| Race=Black | 2.87 (1.63 to 5.07) | <0.001 | |
| Race=Other | 1.50 (0.79 to 2.85) | 0.219 | |
| Asthma | 1.97 (1.20 to 3.24) | 0.007 | |
| SOB with exertion | Mild initial symptom severity | Reference | |
| Moderate initial symptom severity | 1.71 (1.16 to 2.52) | 0.006 | |
| Severe initial symptom severity | Undefined† | N/A | |
| Sore throat | Mild initial symptom severity | Reference | |
| Moderate initial symptom severity | 1.25 (0.83 to 1.88) | 0.279 | |
| Severe initial symptom severity | 4.22 (1.70 to 10.47) | 0.002 | |
| Wheezing | Asthma | 2.66 (1.39 to 5.08) | 0.003 |
*Initial symptom severity is the symptom severity as assessed by the provider at VOMC intake visit (see box 1) or patient-reported severity if provider-assessed severity not available.
†Unable to calculate due to small N with wide standard deviation for this covariate.
SOB, shortness of breath; VOMC, Virtual Outpatient Management Clinic.