Table 1.
Baseline and CMR Characteristics of Patients with and without Myocardial Ischemia (N = 1342)
| All patients (N = 1342) |
No ischemia (N = 966) |
Ischemia (N = 376) |
p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 67.7 ± 10.5 | 67.2 ± 10.7 | 69.0 ± 9.3 | 0.003 |
| Males, n (%) | 1101 (82.0) | 781 (80.8) | 320 (85.1) | 0.024 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.2 ± 4.0 | 27.1 ± 3.9 | 27.5 ± 4.0 | 0.135 |
| Coronary risk factors, n (%) | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 409 (30.5) | 258 (26.7) | 151 (40.2) | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension | 691 (51.5) | 468 (48.4) | 223 (59.3) | < 0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 849 (63.3) | 589 (61.0) | 260 (69.1) | 0.006 |
| Current or previous smoking | 324 (24.1) | 244 (25.3) | 80 (21.3) | 0.144 |
| Family history of CAD | 431 (32.1) | 309 (32.0) | 122 (32.4) | 0.923 |
| Obesitya | 310 (23.1) | 220 (22.8) | 90 (23.9) | 0.703 |
| Medical history of CV disease, n (%) | ||||
| Prior PCI | 735 (54.8) | 552 (57.1) | 183 (48.7) | 0.006 |
| Prior CABG | 431 (32.1) | 309 (32.0) | 122 (32.4) | 0.923 |
| Prior MI | 746 (55.6) | 570 (59.0) | 176 (46.8) | < 0.001 |
| Peripheral atheroma | 115 (8.6) | 64 (6.6) | 51 (13.6) | < 0.001 |
| Ischemic stroke | 35 (2.6) | 28 (2.9) | 7 (1.9) | 0.379 |
| Pacemaker | 2 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.3) | 0.482 |
| Renal failureb | 16 (1.2) | 12 (1.2) | 4 (1.1) | 1.000 |
| Heart failure hospitalization | 31 (2.3) | 24 (2.5) | 7 (1.9) | 0.631 |
| Indications to stress CMR (multiple possible), n (%) | ||||
| PCI or CABG follow-upc | 1184 (88.2) | 830 (85.9) | 354 (94.1) | < 0.001 |
| Inconclusive stress test | 107 (8.0) | 65 (6.7) | 42 (11.2) | 0.01 |
| Inconclusive CCTAd | 110 (8.2) | 60 (6.2) | 50 (13.3) | < 0.001 |
| Cardiac rhythm, n (%) | ||||
| Sinus rhythm | 1151 (85.8) | 818 (84.7) | 333 (88.6) | |
| Sinus rhythm with extrasystoles | 185 (13.8) | 145 (15.0) | 40 (10.6) | 0.039 |
| Atrial fibrillation/supraventricular arrhythmias | 6 (0.4) | 3 (0.3) | 3 (0.8) | |
| LV ejection fraction, % | 45.8 ± 12.5 | 45.1 ± 12.5 | 47.7 ± 12.5 | < 0.001 |
| LV end-diastolic volume index, ml/m2 | 100.2 ± 31.3 | 102.2 ± 32.1 | 95.1 ± 28.4 | < 0.001 |
| LV end-systolic volume index, ml/m2 | 57.1 ± 27.4 | 58.9 ± 27.7 | 52.2 ± 25.8 | < 0.001 |
| LV mass, g/m2 | 73.8 ± 7.1 | 73.6 ± 7.2 | 73.5 ± 7.1 | 0.319 |
| RV ejection fraction, % | 57.2 ± 11.2 | 57.1 ± 11.3 | 57.3 ± 12.9 | 0.429 |
| Presence of LGE, n (%) | 689 (51.3) | 502 (52.0) | 187 (49.7) | 0.018 |
| Presence of viabilitye, n (%) | 280 (20.9) | 175 (18.1) | 105 (27.9) | < 0.001 |
| Number of segments of LGE | 2.3 ± 1.9 | 2.4 ± 1.9 | 2.2 ± 2.0 | 0.268 |
| Number of segments of myocardial ischemia | 0.7 ± 1.5 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 2.5 ± 1.7 | < 0.001 |
| HR at baseline, beats/min | 67 ± 12 | 67 ± 12 | 71 ± 13 | 0.512 |
| HR at stress, beats/min | 91 ± 9 | 90 ± 9 | 96 ± 11 | 0.069 |
| RPP at baseline (k), mmHg-beats/min | 9.1 (7.5–10.6) | 9.0 (7.5–10.6) | 9.2 (7.5–11.0) | 0.621 |
| RPP at stress (k), mmHg-beats/min | 10.6 (9.0–12.4) | 10.4 (9.0–12.4) | 10.9 (9.5–12.8) | 0.193 |
Values are n (%), mean ± SD, or median (interquartile range)
BMI body mass index, CABG coronary artery bypass grafting, CAD coronary artery disease, CCTA coronary computed tomography angiography, CMR cardiovascular magnetic resonance, CV cardiovascular disease, GFR glomerular filtration rate, HF heart failure, HR heart rate, LGE late gadolinium enhancement, LV left ventricle, MI myocardial infarction, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention, RPP rate-pressure product (pressure mmHg x Heart rate bpm)/1000, RV right ventricle, SD standard deviation
aBMI ≥ 30 kg/m2
bGlomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2
cTo detect myocardial ischemia in asymptomatic patient every 3 to 5 years in accordance with ESC guidelines. (REF)
dCoronary stenosis of unknown significance on CCTA
ePresence of LGE with < 50% transmurality