Table 1.

Cytokines and mediators secreted from MSCs during cross-talk with tumor cells responsible for homing, growth, and stemness in tumor cells

Effect	Mediator type	Mediator	References
Homing of MSC in tumor	Cytokine	TNF-α	[132, 133]
		IFN-γ	[132]
		IL-1β	[132]
		IL-6	[29]
		IL-8	[134]
	Chemokine	SDF-1/CXCR4	[135, 136]
		MCP-1	[137]
		GRO-α	[134]
	Growth factor	TGF-β	[138]
		PGF	[139]
		PDGF	[132]
		HGF	[132]
MSC-mediated tumor growth (metastasis and proliferation)	Cytokine	IL-6	[38, 140]
		IL-10	[140]
		TNF-α	[140]
	Chemokine	CCL5	[31, 141]
		CXCL1	[142]
		CXCL2	[142, 143]
		CXCL3	[142]
		CXCL5	[142]
		CXCL6	[142]
		CXCL8	[116, 142]
		CCL2	[142]
		CCL8	[142]
		CCL20	[142]
	Growth factor	IGF-1	[144]
		TGFβ1	[145]
		HGF	[146]
MSC-mediated cancer cell stemness	Cytokine	IL-1α	[147]
		IL-1β	[147]
		IL-6	[147, 148]
	Chemokine	CXCL1	[147]
		CXCL8	[147]
		CXCL1	[29]
		CXCL5	[29]
		CXCL6	[29]
		CXCL7	[29]
		CCL5	[141]
	Growth factor	BMP4	[35]
		PGE2	[147]

MSC Mesenchymal stem cell, TNF tumor necrosis factor, IFN interferon, IL interleukin, SDF stromal cell-derived factor, MCP monocyte chemoattractant protein, GRO growth-regulated oncogene, TGF transforming growth factor, PGF placental growth factor, PDGF platelet-derived growth factor, HGF hepatocyte growth factor, BMP4 bone morphogenetic protein, IGF-1 insulin-like growth factor-1, PGE2 prostaglandin E2