Table 2.

Strategies toward inhibition of angiogenesis to treat malignancies

Strategy		Mechanism	Therapeutic	References
Exosomal miRNAs		Exosomes can regulate tumor cell angiogenesis, metastasis and proliferation by controlling a number of cellular pathways	Exosomes have supporting or suppressing impact tumor development	[47, 48]
Inhibition of VEGF		Suppression of progression and growth of ECs	Bevacizumab, a VEGF neutralizing mAb Soluble receptor of VEGF, VEGF-TrapR1R2	[78] [81]
Inhibition of signal transduction by targeting receptor tyrosine kinases		Repression of receptor tyrosine kinases	(2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-6,7-dimethylquinoxaline-HCl and (E)-3-(3,5-Diisopropyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-[(3-phenyl-n-propyl) aminocarbonyl] acryl-onitrile)	[97]
MSC therapy	Regulation of pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic compounds		MSCs-based delivery of endostatin	[103]

VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor, ECs endothelial cell, mAb monoclonal antibody, MSC mesenchymal stem cells