Table 1.
Comparison between the controls and COVID-19 patients according to the clinical and immunohistochemical information
| Data | Control (n = 10) | COVID-19 (n = 9) |
|---|---|---|
| Sex | Male 7 (70%) | Male 6 (66.7%) |
| Female 3 (30%) | Female 3 (33.3%) | |
| P = 0.793# | ||
| Age, yr* | 42.3/45 (18-60) | 73.4/80 (46-87) |
| P = 0.003# | ||
| Comorbidities(number of cases) | Hypertension (5/9)Cancer (2/9)Chronic kidney disease (2/9)Class II obesity (2/9)Coronary disease (2/9)Dementia (2/9)Diabetes mellitus (2/9)Dyslipidemia (2/9)Giant cells arteritis (1/9)Hypothyroidism (1/9)Liver transplantation (1/9) | |
| Time from hospitalization to death (days)* | 16.3/13 (6–38) | |
| Mechanical ventilation* | 8.5/8 (8–21) | |
| IL-4 expression*†‡ | 2.84/2.26 (0.23–7.41) | 8.26/9.37 (0.71–13.39) |
| P = 0.0509# | ||
| IL-6 expression*†‡ | 0.0/0.6 (0.0–5.6) | 3.9/4.0 (0.3–7.6) |
| P = 0.0001# | ||
| IL-8 expression*†‡ | 0.00/0.00001 (0-0.0001) | 0.79/0.19 (0.004–3.62) |
| P = 0.0008# | ||
| IL-13 expression*†‡ | 0.13/0.02 (0.00–0.76) | 0.39/0.28 (0.02–1.34) |
| P = 0.070# | ||
| TNF-α expression*†‡ | 2.2/1.9 (0.2–4.1) | 5.8/12.3 (3.2–35.3) |
| P = 0.0048# | ||
| ICAM-1 expression*†‡ | 0.4/0.8 (0.1–2.6) | 4.3/7.4 (1.4–20.6) |
| P = 0.0034# | ||
| CASP-1 Allred score*‡ | 2.0/2.4 (2.0–4.0) | 8.0/7.8 (7.2–8.0) |
| P = 0.0009# |
*
Average/median (Min-Max);
†
lung tissue expression in percentage per high power field (HPF);
‡
patients from 1 to 6 for COVID-19 group.
#
= P values from the comparison between COVID-19 and control groups (Mann-Whitney test (P < 0.05)).