TABLE 1.
Demographics of All Participants and Demographics by Vaginal-Primiparous Compared With Vaginal-Multiparous Status
| Variable (N = 90) | All Participants (N = 90) | Vaginal-Primiparous (n = 46) | Vaginal-Multiparous (n = 44) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Race, n (%) | ||||
| White | 71 (79) | 35 (76) | 36 (82) | 0.55 |
| African American | 18 (20) | 10 (22) | 8 (18) | |
| Multiracial | 1 (1) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | ||||
| Hispanic | 15 (17) | 8 (17) | 7 (16) | 0.98 |
| Non-Hispanic | 73 (81) | 37 (81) | 36 (82) | |
| Unknown | 2 (2) | 1 (2) | 1 (2) | |
| Maternal age at delivery, y | ||||
| Range | 18–45 | 18–45 | 18–38 | 0.07 |
| Median | 27 | 25.5 | 28 | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | ||||
| Range | 21.61–44.23 | 23.23–44.23 | 21.61–43.94 | 0.11 |
| Mean (SD) | 30.82 (5.68) | 31.76 (6.00) | 29.85 (5.20) | |
| Vaginal operative delivery,* n (%) | ||||
| No | 87 (97) | 44 (96) | 43 (98) | 0.58 |
| Yes | 3 (3) | 2 (4) | 1 (2) | |
| VBAC, n (%) | ||||
| No | 83 (92) | 39 (85) | 44 (100) | 0.0070 |
| Yes | 7 (8) | 7 (15) | 0 (0) | |
| Oxytocin use, n (%) | ||||
| No | 55 (61) | 22 (48) | 33 (75) | 0.0082 |
| Yes | 35 (39) | 24 (52) | 11 (25) | |
| Transcervical balloon catheter, n (%) | ||||
| No | 80 (89) | 38 (83) | 42 (95) | 0.05 |
| Yes | 10 (11) | 8 (17) | 2 (5) | |
| Prostaglandin E2, n (%) | ||||
| No | 88 (98) | 44 (96) | 44 (100) | 0.16 |
| Yes | 2 (2) | 2 (4) | 0 (100) | |
| Misoprostol, n (%) | ||||
| No | 84 (93) | 42 (91) | 42 (55) | 0.43 |
| Yes | 6 (7) | 4 (8) | 2 (5) | |
| Second-stage labor, † min | ||||
| Range | 1.00–280.00 | 3.00–280.00 | 1.00–157.00 | 0.0004 |
| Mean (SD) | 47.12 (54.57) | 67.69 (63.97) | 26.55 (32.69) | |
| Head circumference, cm | ||||
| Range | 31.00–37.00 | 31.00–36.00 | 32.00–37.00 | 0.0024 |
| Mean (SD) | 34.20 (1.32) | 33.79 (1.23) | 34.63 (1.29) | |
| Infant weight at delivery, n (%) | ||||
| ≤4000 g | 85 (94) | 45 (98) | 40 (91) | 0.15 |
| >4000 g | 5 (6) | 1 (2) | 4 (9) | |
| Gestational age group, n (%) | ||||
| 36w0d–38w0d | 12 (13) | 5 (11) | 7 (16) | 0.76 |
| 38w1d–40w0d | 56 (62) | 29 (63) | 27 (61) | |
| ≥40w1d | 22 (25) | 12 (26) | 10 (23) | |
| Hematoma, n (%) | ||||
| Present | 23 (26) | 18 (39) | 5 (11) | 0.02 |
| Absent | 67 (74) | 28 (61) | 39 (89) | |
*
No participants in this study had forcep-assisted delivery, only vacuum assistance.
†
Second-stage labor information missing for 6 participants. N = 84.
VBAC, vaginal birth after caesarean.