Table 2.
Prevalence of cerebral palsy by live birth based on risk factors and percentage of individuals with cerebral palsy diagnosis who had risk factors
| Risk Factor | Prevalence of CP | Percentage (%) of Individuals with CP | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Birth prematurity | <28-wk gestation | 82 per 1,000 live births (155) | 73% (90) |
| 28- to 31-wk gestation | 43 per 1,000 live births (155) | ||
| 32- to 36-wk gestation | 7 per 1,000 live births (155) | ||
| In utero insults (i.e., uterine ischemia, intrauterine infections, uterine inflammation) | Odds ratio of developing CP if maternal infection during pregnancy 1.55, with greater risk if infection at 21–40 wk of gestation (153) | 12% of those with spastic CP (79) | |
| Brain malformations | 8.6–11.1% (70, 107, 108) | ||
| Stroke | 1 per 4,000 live births (122) | 1% (from postnatal stroke) (72) | |
| Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy | 1.5 per 1,000 live births (110) | 14.5% of term infants (76) | |
| Asphyxia | 2–10% (53, 165) | ||
| Twin gestation | Odds ratio of CP diagnosis if twin gestation 6.62 (153); 7–12 per 1,000 live births (20, 113, 160, 209) | ||
The second column shows the prevalence of cerebral palsy per live births according to risk factors (first column). The last column displays percentage of individuals living with cerebral palsy who had a particular risk factor exposure. Note that some individuals with cerebral palsy may have been exposed to more than one risk factor.