Table 1.

Summary of recommended clinical molecular biomarkers in colorectal cancer⁶³

Biomarker	Mechanism	Use
KRAS	EGFR signalling pathway	Gene mutation status. For patients to be considered for anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies
NRAS	EGFR signalling pathway	Gene mutation status. For patients to be considered for anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies
BRAF	EGFR signalling pathway	Gene mutation status. For prognostic stratification and for dMMR tumours with loss of MLH1 to evaluate risk of Lynch syndrome
Mismatch repair status	DNA mismatch repair	Immunohistochemistry or MSI testing. For prognostic stratification and screening of Lynch syndrome

EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; dMMR, DNA mismatch repair; MSI, microsatellite instability.