Table 2.
Selected individual metabolites and their associations with GDM risk by study visit
| Metabolite | RT_m/z | Corresponding lipid network | Visit 0 (10–14 weeks) | Visit 1 (15–26 weeks) | ||||
| Network membership score* | Estimate | FDR | Network membership score* | Estimate | FDR | |||
| TG (50:1) | 10.80_850.79 | Brown | 0.80 | 0.54 | 0.0003 | 0.80 | 0.51 | 0.0006 |
| TG (50:2) | 10.41_853.73 | Brown | 0.55 | 0.55 | 0.0003 | 0.64 | 0.43 | 0.0037 |
| TG (50:2) | 10.41_848.77 | Brown | 0.73 | 0.54 | 0.0003 | 0.73 | 0.43 | 0.0037 |
| TG (54:5) | 10.32_903.74 | 0.50 | 0.0011 | 0.44 | 0.0043 | |||
| CE (18:2) | 10.37_671.57 | Turquoise | 0.95 | −0.52 | 0.0011 | 0.94 | −0.33 | 0.0290 |
| Unannotated | 10.80_551.50 | 0.50 | 0.0011 | 0.51 | 0.0006 | |||
| TG (48:1) | 10.38_822.75 | Brown | 0.93 | 0.48 | 0.0016 | 0.92 | 0.42 | 0.0049 |
| Unannotated | 10.39_549.49 | 0.47 | 0.0016 | 0.37 | 0.0097 | |||
| TG (48:1) | 10.38_827.71 | Brown | 0.93 | 0.48 | 0.0017 | 0.94 | 0.36 | 0.0170 |
| TG (50:1) | 10.80_855.74 | Brown | 0.51 | 0.47 | 0.0029 | 0.53 | 0.41 | 0.0059 |
| DG (34:1) | 6.85_612.56 | Yellow | 0.83 | 0.44 | 0.0048 | 0.75 | 0.45 | 0.0031 |
| TG (52:1) | 11.20_878.82 | Yellow | 0.81 | 0.43 | 0.0054 | 0.80 | 0.50 | 0.0011 |
| PC (38:3) | 5.79_812.61 | 0.42 | 0.0054 | 0.36 | 0.0200 | |||
| Unannotated | 10.80_577.52 | 0.42 | 0.0054 | 0.44 | 0.0021 | |||
| TG (48:2) | 9.98_820.74 | Brown | 0.84 | 0.43 | 0.0054 | 0.88 | 0.34 | 0.0230 |
| TG (50:3) | 10.01_846.76 | Yellow | 0.80 | 0.42 | 0.0054 | 0.76 | 0.41 | 0.0046 |
| TG (52:1) | 11.20_883.77 | Brown | 0.57 | 0.42 | 0.0059 | 0.63 | 0.48 | 0.0016 |
| TG (58:6) | 10.65_957.79 | 0.44 | 0.0059 | 0.43 | 0.0047 | |||
| DG (34:1) | 6.85_617.51 | Yellow | 0.67 | 0.42 | 0.0059 | 0.46 | 0.43 | 0.0037 |
| Unannotated | 11.20_899.75 | 0.40 | 0.0064 | 0.40 | 0.0047 | |||
| TG (48:0) | 10.81_824.77 | Brown | 0.78 | 0.41 | 0.0072 | 0.82 | 0.52 | 0.0008 |
| TG (58:6) | 10.65_952.83 | Yellow | 0.68 | 0.41 | 0.0117 | 0.71 | 0.44 | 0.0037 |
| CE (18:1) | 10.85_673.59 | Turquoise | 0.89 | −0.40 | 0.0133 | 0.88 | −0.53 | 0.0004 |
| TG (46:0) | 10.36_796.74 | Brown | 0.93 | 0.37 | 0.0165 | 0.96 | 0.41 | 0.0073 |
| Unannotated | 6.39_615.49 | 0.36 | 0.0197 | 0.47 | 0.0016 | |||
| Unannotated | 10.31_951.81 | 0.37 | 0.0204 | 0.39 | 0.0071 | |||
| TG (51:1) | 10.93_869.76 | Yellow | 0.80 | 0.37 | 0.0221 | 0.76 | 0.36 | 0.0120 |
| TG (51:1) | 10.93_864.80 | Yellow | 0.90 | 0.36 | 0.0221 | 0.84 | 0.36 | 0.0120 |
| CE (18:1) | 10.85_668.63 | Turquoise | 0.94 | −0.36 | 0.0267 | 0.92 | −0.40 | 0.0047 |
| TG (54:2) | 11.20_904.83 | Yellow | 0.79 | 0.36 | 0.0281 | 0.82 | 0.43 | 0.0047 |
| TG (54:1) | 11.56_906.85 | Yellow | 0.77 | 0.35 | 0.0328 | 0.86 | 0.45 | 0.0042 |
| CE (22:6) | 9.88_719.57 | Turquoise | 0.94 | −0.34 | 0.0328 | 0.94 | −0.34 | 0.0250 |
| TG (56:4) | 10.88_933.79 | 0.33 | 0.0388 | 0.40 | 0.0049 | |||
| TG (49:1) | 10.59_836.77 | Yellow | 0.80 | 0.32 | 0.0415 | 0.74 | 0.28 | 0.0470 |
| Unannotated | 10.17_896.79 | 0.32 | 0.0415 | 0.33 | 0.0270 | |||
| TG (48:0) | 10.81_829.73 | Brown | 0.67 | 0.32 | 0.0484 | 0.73 | 0.41 | 0.0071 |
FDR q values were calculated based on 420 individual tests for 420 metabolites.
*Network membership score represents a measure of importance for member metabolites within a network and ranges between −1 and 1. Network membership scores were not presented for metabolites that failed to form a network and for unannotated metabolites.
CE, cholesteryl esters; DG, diglyceride; FDR, false discovery rate; GDM, gestational diabetes; GlcCer, glucosylceramide; LPC, lysophosphatidylcholine; PC, phosphatidylcholine; RT_m/z, retention time_mass-to-charge ratio; SM, sphingomyelin; TG, triglyceride.