Table 1.
Biochemical and clinical parameters in male relatives of women with polycystic ovarian syndrome, in young and elderly men with early androgenetic alopecia (146).
| Parameter | Male relatives of women with PCOS | Men with early-onset androgenetic alopecia | Clinical findings in elderly men with AGA |
|---|---|---|---|
| Serum free testosterone levels | – | ↑ | – |
| Serum SHBG levels | – | ↓ | – |
| Free testosterone index | – | ↑ | – |
| Serum LH levels | – | ↑ | – |
| Serum FSH levels | – | ↓ | – |
| LH/FSH ratio | – | ↑ | – |
| LH and FSH response to GnRH analog | ↑ | – | – |
| Serum AMH levels | ↑ | – | – |
| Serum DHEAS levels | ↑ | ↑ | – |
| Serum 17α hydroxy-progesterone | – | ↑ | – |
| Serum adiponectin levels | ↑ | – | – |
| Serum glucose levels | – | ↑ | – |
| Serum insulin levels | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |
| Risk for insulin-resistance | ↑ | ↑ | – |
| Serum cholesterol levels | ↑ | ↑ | – |
| Risk for metabolic syndrome | – | ↑ | ↑ |
| Risk for type II diabetes mellitus | – | – | ↑ |
| Risk for endothelial dysfunction | ↑ | – | – |
| Blood pressure | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |
| Serum aldosterone levels | – | – | ↑ |
| Serum fibrinogen levels | – | – | ↑ |
| Risk for atheromatous plaques | – | – | ↑ |
| Risk for ischemic heart disease | – | – | ↑ |
| Risk for benign prostate hyperplasia | – | – | ↑ |
| Risk for prostate cancer | – | – | ↑ |
↑, increased; ↓, decreased; -, non-reported.
AGA, androgenetic alopecia; AMH, anti-Müllerian hormone; DHEAS, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate; FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone; GnRH, gonadotropin-realizing hormone; LH, luteinizing hormone; SHBG, sex hormone binding globulin.