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. 2021 Mar 3;41(9):1941–1951. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0753-20.2020

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Recordings in OFC, odor-guided choice task, and behavioral results. a, Recording sites in lateral OFC. Black boxes represent the approximate location from which recordings were made in each rat (in the left hemisphere). The width represents the estimated span of the electrode bundle (∼1 mm), and the height represents the approximate extent of recording across all sessions. Bregma 2.8-3.6 mm. b, Trial events and reward schedule. Trials started with odor delivery followed by choice for 1 or 3 drops of chocolate or vanilla milk. Two odors indicated forced choices, left or right; a third odor indicated free choice. Reward contingencies were stable across blocks of ∼60 trials but switched in number of drops (dashed lines) or flavor (dotted lines) in four unsignaled transitions. The last four blocks always had the same four sets of action-outcome contingencies, but the order differed from day to day. c, Results of a 10 min consumption test run in a separate group of rats (t(10) = 0.1, p = 0.93). d, Average trial-by-trial choice rates across number block switches (left), separately for 1 drop chocolate→3 drops chocolate compared with 1 drop vanilla→3 drops vanilla, and flavor block switches (right). Inset, Bar graphs compare choice rate in 25 trials before block switches versus 25 trials after block switches. ANOVA on difference in choice rates across transitions, with factors transition type and initial flavor; main effect of transition type (F(1,92) = 195.7, p < 0.001), driven by significant changes across number transitions (planned contrast, F(1,92) = 445.9, p < 0.0001), and insignificant changes across flavor transitions (planned contrast, F(1,92) = 1.3, p = 0.27); no effect of initial flavor (F(1,92) = 0.0, p = 0.93); no differences between vanilla-to-chocolate and chocolate-to-vanilla (planned contrast, F(1,92) = 2.3, p = 0.13). e, Average response latencies and accuracy on forced-choice trials. Within-subjects ANOVAs on reaction time and accuracy: main effects of reward number (F(1,93) = 62.2, p < 0.001; F(1,93) = 182.3, p < 0.001) but not flavor (F(1,93) = 0.3, p = 0.57; F(1,93) = 5.3, p = 0.024), nor interactions (F(1,93) = 0.1, p = 0.73; F(1,93) = 5.1, p = 0.027). *p < 0.001 vs. 1 drop condition.