Table 2.
Symptoms, complications, and treatments of critically ill patients with COVID-19.
| Time from symptoms onset to ICU admission | ||||
| All patients (n = 45) | >7 d (n = 20) | ≤7 d (n = 25) | P valuea | |
| Symptoms | ||||
| Fever | 40 (88.9%) | 15 (75.0%) | 25 (100.0%) | .030 |
| Cough | 39 (86.7%) | 16 (80.0%) | 23 (92.0%) | .462 |
| Dyspnea | 37 (82.2%) | 16 (80.0%) | 21 (84.0%) | 1.000 |
| Myalgia | 10 (22.2%) | 7 (35.0%) | 3 (12.0%) | .138 |
| Rhinorrhea | 7 (15.6%) | 3 (15.0%) | 4 (16.0%) | 1.000 |
| Arthralgia | 4 (8.9%) | 3 (15.0%) | 1 (4.0%) | .446 |
| Chest pain | 4 (8.9%) | 1 (5.0%) | 3 (12.0%) | .770 |
| Headache | 7 (15.6%) | 2 (10.0%) | 5 (20.0%) | .613 |
| Coma | 2 (4.4%) | 2 (10.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | .192 |
| Vomiting | 12 (26.7%) | 5 (25.0%) | 7 (28.0%) | .821 |
| Bellyache | 1 (2.2%) | 1 (5.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | .444 |
| Diarrhea | 7 (15.6%) | 3 (15.0%) | 4 (16.0%) | 1.000 |
| Complications | ||||
| Acute respiratory distress syndrome | 32 (71.1%) | 14 (70.0%) | 18 (72.0%) | .883 |
| Pneumothorax | 4 (8.9%) | 2 (10.0%) | 2 (8.0%) | 1.000 |
| Hospital-acquired pneumonia | 16 (35.6%) | 9 (45.0%) | 7 (28.0%) | .236 |
| Extra-pulmonary complications | 35 (77.8%) | 19 (95.0%) | 16 (64.0%) | .034 |
| Acute kidney injury | 15 (33.3%) | 10 (50.0%) | 5 (20.0%) | .034 |
| Cardiac injury | 10 (22.2%) | 8 (40.0%) | 2 (8.0%) | .027 |
| Acute heart failure | 13 (28.9%) | 8 (40.0%) | 5 (20.0%) | .141 |
| Liver dysfunction | 27 (60.0%) | 14 (70.0%) | 13 (52.0%) | .221 |
| Gastrointestinal hemorrhage | 12 (26.7%) | 9 (45.0%) | 3 (12.0%) | .013 |
| Hyperamylasemia | 1 (2.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (4.0%) | 1.000 |
| Hypernatremia | 33 (73.3%) | 18 (90.0%) | 15 (60.0%) | .024 |
| Treatments | ||||
| High flow nasal cannula | 14 (31.1%) | 3 (15.0%) | 11 (44.0%) | .037 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 35 (77.8%) | 20 (100.0%) | 15 (60.0%) | .004 |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 14 (31.1%) | 10 (50.0%) | 4 (16.0%) | .014 |
| Non-invasive mechanical ventilation | 34 (75.6%) | 20 (100%) | 14 (56.0%) | .002 |
| Prone position ventilation | 8 (17.8%) | 6 (30.0%) | 2 (8.0%) | .127 |
| Renal replacement therapy | 6 (13.3%) | 4 (20.0%) | 2 (8.0%) | .462 |
| Vasoconstrictive agents | 16 (35.6%) | 10 (50.0%) | 6 (24.0%) | .070 |
| Antiviral agents | 44 (97.8%) | 19 (95.0%) | 25 (100.0%) | .444 |
| Antibacterial agents | 36 (80.0%) | 19 (95.0%) | 17 (68.0%) | .061 |
| Glucocorticoids | 33 (73.3%) | 16 (80.0%) | 17 (68.0%) | .366 |
| Immunoglobulin | 26 (57.8%) | 14 (70.0%) | 12 (48.0%) | .138 |