Table 3.
Cox model of measured hazard ratio and 95% confidence intervals of mortality between insulin group and glimepiride group with background metformin therapy and covariates.
| Metformin | Insulin vs glimepiride | |||||||
| Glimepiride (n = 1027) | Insulin (n = 1027) | |||||||
| Variables | Event | Person years | IR† | Event | Person years | IR† | Crude HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR (95% CI) |
| Overall | 16 | 3623 | 4.42 | 166 | 2290 | 72.5 | 13.33 (7.97–22.28)∗∗∗ | 14.47 (8.64–24.24)∗∗∗ |
| Gender | ||||||||
| Women | 3 | 1664 | 1.8 | 70 | 1097 | 63.8 | 29.03 (9.13–92.24)∗∗∗ | 31.36 (9.83–100.05)∗∗∗ |
| Men | 13 | 1959 | 6.64 | 96 | 1193 | 80.4 | 9.7 (5.43–17.33)∗∗∗ | 10.91 (6.08–19.57)∗∗∗ |
| Age, years | ||||||||
| ≤40 | 0 | 148 | 0 | 7 | 163 | 43.0 | 20291126.21 (0-.) | 128397943.32 (0-.) |
| 41–65 | 2 | 1818 | 1.1 | 48 | 1179 | 40.7 | 30.03 (7.3–123.57)∗∗∗ | 30.4 (7.37–125.34)∗∗∗ |
| >65 | 14 | 1658 | 8.44 | 111 | 949 | 117 | 11.18 (6.4–19.52)∗∗∗ | 11.88 (6.78–20.82)∗∗∗ |
| Comorbidity | ||||||||
| Coronary artery disease | ||||||||
| No | 6 | 2202 | 2.72 | 86 | 1398 | 61.5 | 17.78 (7.77–40.72)∗∗∗ | 18.62 (8.11–42.75)∗∗∗ |
| Yes | 10 | 1421 | 7.04 | 80 | 892 | 89.7 | 10.68 (5.53–20.63)∗∗∗ | 12.96 (6.65–25.24)∗∗∗ |
| Stroke | ||||||||
| No | 7 | 2468 | 2.84 | 107 | 1663 | 64.4 | 18.18 (8.46–39.09)∗∗∗ | 19.25 (8.94–41.44)∗∗∗ |
| Yes | 9 | 1155 | 7.79 | 59 | 627 | 94.0 | 10.16 (5.02–20.55)∗∗∗ | 11.11 (5.43–22.74)∗∗∗ |
| Hypertension | ||||||||
| No | 1 | 1011 | 0.99 | 31 | 660 | 46.9 | 38.09 (5.2–279.31)∗∗∗ | 37.16 (5.05–273.56)∗∗∗ |
| Yes | 15 | 2612 | 5.74 | 135 | 1630 | 82.8 | 11.74 (6.88–20.03)∗∗∗ | 12.79 (7.48–21.87)∗∗∗ |
| Dyslipidemia | ||||||||
| No | 7 | 1396 | 5.01 | 69 | 794 | 86.9 | 13.38 (6.14–29.17)∗∗∗ | 14.54 (6.6–32.02)∗∗∗ |
| Yes | 9 | 2227 | 4.04 | 97 | 1497 | 64.8 | 13.4 (6.77–26.55)∗∗∗ | 14.77 (7.44–29.35)∗∗∗ |
| CCI scores | ||||||||
| 0, 1 | 2 | 1302 | 1.54 | 48 | 938 | 51.2 | 26.68 (6.48–109.87)∗∗∗ | 24.55 (5.93–101.6)∗∗∗ |
| 2, 3 | 5 | 1433 | 3.49 | 68 | 820 | 82.9 | 19.17 (7.72–47.6)∗∗∗ | 21.04 (8.45–52.39)∗∗∗ |
| >3 | 9 | 887 | 10.1 | 50 | 532 | 93.9 | 7.66 (3.76–15.6)∗∗∗ | 8.72 (4.22–17.99)∗∗∗ |
| DSCI scores | ||||||||
| 0 | 11 | 2464 | 4.46 | 105 | 1493 | 70.3 | 12.7 (6.82–23.67)∗∗∗ | 13.98 (7.47–26.14)∗∗∗ |
| 1 | 2 | 789 | 2.53 | 44 | 510 | 86.3 | 26.89 (6.51–111.02)∗∗∗ | 33.66 (8.07–140.48)∗∗∗ |
| ≥2 | 3 | 369 | 8.12 | 17 | 287 | 59.3 | 6.28 (1.84–21.45)∗∗ | 6.42 (1.85–22.31)∗∗ |
| DM drugs | ||||||||
| TZDs | ||||||||
| No | 15 | 3112 | 4.82 | 157 | 2002 | 78.4 | 13.3 (7.82–22.6)∗∗∗ | 14.35 (8.43–24.43)∗∗∗ |
| Yes | 1 | 511 | 1.96 | 9 | 288 | 31.2 | 13.92 (1.75–110.92)∗ | 44.28 (3.43–572.18)∗∗ |
| AGIs | ||||||||
| No | 14 | 2699 | 5.19 | 145 | 1705 | 85.1 | 13.23 (7.64–22.92)∗∗∗ | 14.46 (8.33–25.09)∗∗∗ |
| Yes | 2 | 924 | 2.16 | 21 | 585 | 35.9 | 13.9 (3.25–59.44)∗∗∗ | 14.57 (3.37–63.07)∗∗∗ |
| DPP-4i | ||||||||
| No | 16 | 2801 | 5.71 | 157 | 1779 | 88.3 | 12.76 (7.63–21.36)∗∗∗ | 13.61 (8.12–22.83)∗∗∗ |
| Yes | 0 | 822 | 0 | 9 | 512 | 17.6 | ||