Table 2.
Comparison of EQ-5D-5L Utility Values and VAS Scores to Norms
| EQ-5D-5L mean utility values | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| During | Pre | Online | F2F* | ||||
| Age | (n=2,746) | (n=40) | p value | (n=2,018) | p value | (n=1,134) | p value |
| 18–24 | 0.752 | 0.921 | 0.010 | 0.844 | 0.000 | 0.919 | 0.000 |
| 25–34 | 0.825 | 0.860 | 0.490 | 0.811 | 0.305 | 0.911 | 0.000 |
| 35–44 | 0.845 | 0.867 | 0.393 | 0.794 | 0.001 | 0.841 | 0.806 |
| 45–54 | 0.818 | 0.736 | 0.452 | 0.760 | 0.001 | 0.816 | 0.969 |
| 55–64 | 0.817 | 0.766 | 0.543 | 0.781 | 0.022 | 0.815 | 0.996 |
| ≥65 | 0.827 | 0.831 | 0.957 | 0.831 | 0.815 | 0.819 | 0.707 |
| EQ-5D-5L mean VAS scores | |||||||
| During | Pre | Online | F2F | ||||
| Age | (n=2,746) | (n=40) | p value | (n=2,018) | p value | (n=1,134) | p value |
| 18–24 | 73.1 | 72.3 | 0.950 | 79.9 | 0.001 | 84.9 | 0.000 |
| 25–34 | 76.6 | 60.8 | 0.008 | 77.7 | 0.261 | 84.4 | 0.000 |
| 35–44 | 74.2 | 74.9 | 0.894 | 74.7 | 0.686 | 78.1 | 0.004 |
| 45–54 | 73.2 | 70.5 | 0.709 | 71.1 | 0.172 | 75.9 | 0.101 |
| 55–64 | 73.4 | 71.0 | 0.827 | 71.5 | 0.194 | 78.8 | 0.002 |
| ≥65 | 74.4 | 67.3 | 0.073 | 75.1 | 0.696 | 80.9 | 0.000 |
Utility values represent societal preference scores for the health states as rated by respondents and can be used to calculate quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). VAS scores directly reflect the respondents’ valuation of his/her own health status. Bold values indicate statistical significance (p < 0.05)