Table 3.
Logistic regression for the relationship between mental health disorders and prescribed opioid use.
| Prescribed Opioid Use | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Mood Disorders Only OR (95 % CI) |
Mood Disorders Only AOR (95 % CI)a |
Anxiety Disorders Only OR (95 % CI) |
Anxiety Disorders Only AOR (95 % CI)b |
Concurrent Mood and Anxiety Disorders OR (95 % CI) |
Concurrent Mood and Anxiety Disorders AOR (95 % CI)c |
| Mental Health Disorder | ||||||
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 2.30 (1.28, 4.11)** | 1.68 (0.96, 2.95) | 1.90 (1.00, 3.63) | 1.60 (0.82, 3.10) | 3.32 (1.93, 5.70)** | 2.39 (1.39, 4.12)** |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Female | 1.04 (0.77, 1.41) | 0.98 (0.72, 1.34) | 1.12 (0.82, 1.52) | 1.07 (0.78, 1.47) | 1.16 (0.86, 1.57) | 1.05 (0.77, 1.44) |
| Age | ||||||
| 12-19 Years | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 20-29 Years | 1.69 (0.83, 3.44) | 1.48 (0.72, 3.06) | 2.29 (1.10, 4.77)* | 2.00 (0.96, 4.17) | 1.71 (0.81, 3.62) | 1.59 (0.79, 3.21) |
| 30-39 Years | 3.02 (1.51, 6.05) ** | 2.62 (1.30, 5.30) ** | 3.20 (1.56, 6.56) ** | 2.71 (1.29, 5.69) ** | 2.34 (1.11, 4.95) * | 2.24 (1.09, 4.58) * |
| 40-49 Years | 2.15 (1.03, 4.46) * | 1.97 (0.92, 4.21) | 2.86 (1.38, 5.95) ** | 2.47 (1.16, 5.28) * | 2.15 (1.01, 4.61) * | 2.08 (0.99, 4.37) |
| 50-59 Years | 3.66 (1.92, 6.96) ** | 2.62 (1.35, 5.05) ** | 4.26 (2.19, 8.28) ** | 3.04 (1.54, 6.03) ** | 3.51 (1.76, 7.02) ** | 2.66 (1.38, 5.12) ** |
| 60-69 Years | 3.30 (1.75, 6.21) ** | 2.15 (1.12, 4.11) * | 4.04 (2.09, 7.81) ** | 2.69 (1.37, 5.29) ** | 3.06 (1.54, 6.06) ** | 2.12 (1.11, 4.05) * |
| 70-79 Years | 3.24 (1.62, 6.49) ** | 1.89 (0.92, 3.87) | 3.63 (1.76, 7.48) ** | 2.19 (1.04, 4.61) * | 2.81 (1.33, 5.96) ** | 1.79 (0.87, 3.67) |
| 80+ Years | 2.09 (0.84, 5.24) | 1.19 (0.46, 3.11) | 2.53 (1.00, 6.41) | 1.47 (0.56, 3.87) | 2.03 (0.78, 5.26) | 1.27 (0.49, 3.29) |
| Income (Household) | ||||||
| $80,000 + | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| $60,000 To $79,999 | 1.17 (0.77, 1.78) | 1.05 (0.68, 1.63) | 1.06 (0.69, 1.62) | 0.93 (0.59, 1.46) | 1.09 (0.71, 1.67) | 0.96 (0.61, 1.50) |
| $40,000 To $59,999 | 1.21 (0.76, 1.92) | 1.09 (0.68, 1.75) | 1.12 (0.71, 1.76) | 1.00 (0.62, 1.60) | 1.17 (0.75, 1.83) | 1.05 (0.66, 1.69) |
| $20,000 To $39,999 | 1.16 (0.74, 1.81) | 1.12 (0.68, 1.85) | 1.08 (0.68, 1.72) | 1.01 (0.60, 1.71) | 1.22 (0.79, 1.88) | 1.15 (0.70, 1.90) |
| < $20,000 | 2.10 (1.18, 3.74) * | 1.83 (0.93, 3.60) | 1.82 (1.00, 3.32) | 1.63 (0.81, 3.28) | 1.98 (1.09, 3.59) * | 1.74 (0.87, 3.46) |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||||
| Non-White | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| White | 5.01 (2.69, 9.34) ** | 4.45 (2.33, 8.51) ** | 4.85 (2.64, 8.90) ** | 4.39 (2.33, 8.26) ** | 5.14 (2.76, 9.58) ** | 4.77 (2.49, 9.13) ** |
| Chronic Pain Condition | ||||||
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 2.60 (1.90, 3.55) ** | 2.32 (1.69, 3.16) ** | 2.58 (1.88, 3.53) ** | 2.34 (1.71, 3.19) ** | 2.74 (2.00, 3.75) ** | 2.41 (1.77, 3.29) ** |
Abbreviations: OR, Odds Ratio; AOR, Adjusted Odds Ratio.
*
p-value ≤ 0.05.
**
p-value ≤ 0.01.
a
Adjusted odds ratio for the relationship between mood disorders and prescribed opioid use (n = 2,581).
b
Adjusted odds ratio for the relationship between anxiety disorders and prescribed opioid use (n = 2,582).
c
Adjusted odds ratio for the relationship between concurrent mood and anxiety disorders and prescribed opioid use (n = 2,548).