Table 1. Baseline clinical and laboratory characteristics and outcomes in COVID-19 patients treated with tocilizumab.
SD: standard deviation, CRP: C-reactive protein, IL-6: interleukin-6, LDH: lactate dehydrogenase, CXR: chest X-ray, CT: computed tomography, HRCT: high- resolution CT, HF: high flow, NIV: non-invasive ventilation, ARDS: acute respiratory distress syndrome, AKI: acute kidney injury, CNS: central nervous system, GGO: ground-glass opacity
| Variable | Recovered and Discharged/Hospitalized (N: 97) Mean or n (Range or %) (n) | Death (N: 15) Mean or n (Range or %) (n) | P-value | Total (N:112) Mean or n (Range or %) (n) |
| Age (Years) Mean ± SD (Range) | 55.36 ± 12.98 (26-78) | 66.14 ± 14.41 (40-88) | 0.049 | 56.84 ± 13.56 (26-88) |
| Male (n) | 70 (72.16%) | 10 (66.6%) | 0.66 | 80 (71.42%) |
| Female (n) | 27 (27.83%) | 5 (33.33%) | 32 (28.57%) | |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 33 (34.02%) | 4 (26.66%) | 0.57 | 37 (33.03%) |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 13 (13.40%) | 6 (40%) | 0.01 | 19 (16.96%) |
| Cardiac | 11 (11.34%) | 2 (13.33%) | 0.82 | 13 (11.60%) |
| Respiratory | 13 (13.40%) | 0 | 0.27 | 13 (11.60%) |
| CNS | 7 (7.21%) | 2 (13.33%) | 0.42 | 9 (8.03%) |
| Renal | 4 (4.12%) | 2 (13.33%) | 0.16 | 6 (5.88%) |
| Gastrointestinal | 7 (7.21%) | 0 | 0.52 | 7 (5.35%) |
| Rheumatology/Metabolic/Infectious | 18 (18.55%) | 4 (26.66%) | 0.46 | 22 (19.64%) |
| Haematology | 4 (4.12%) | 2 (13.33%) | 0.16 | 6 (5.35%) |
| Cancer | 2 (2.06%) | 2 (13.33%) | 0.05 | 4 (3.57%) |
| Psychiatry | 2 (2.06%) | 0 | 0.89 | 2 (1.78%) |
| Laboratory characteristics and chest Imaging | ||||
| D-dimer (ng/mL) | 2,866.27 (310-9,700) | 5,794.2 (1,100-10,990) | 0.07 | 3,387.04 (310-10,990) |
| D-dimer < 5,000 (ng/mL) (n) | 93 (95.87%) | 03 (20%) | <0.0001 | 96 (85.71%) |
| D-dimer > 5,000 (ng/mL) (n) | 04 (4.12%) | 12 (80%) | 16 (14.28%) | |
| CRP (mg/L) | 241.20 (5.09-2,386) | 91.56 (9-179) | 0.67 | 214.48 (5.09-2,386) |
| Ferritin (ng/mL) | 1,266.45 (108-6,045.6) | 1,830.4 (376-3,850) | 0.43 | 1,389.05 (108-6,045.6) |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 176 (32-1,040) | 104.65 (74.3-135) | 0.69 | 168 (32-1,040) |
| LDH (U/L) | 373.33 (185-890) | 573 (377-802) | 0.08 | 401.85 (185-890) |
| CXR | 58 (59.79%) | 7 (46.6%) | - | 65/112 (58.03) |
| Patchy Infiltrates | 46/58 (79.31%) | 03/07 (42.85%) | - | 49/65 (75.38%) |
| Consolidation | 12/58 (20.68%) | 04/07 (57.14%) | - | 16/65 (24.61%) |
| CT | 36 (37.11%) | 0 | - | 36/112 (32.14) |
| GGO | 26/36 (72.22%) | 0 | - | 26/36 (72.22%) |
| Consolidation | 10/36 (27.77%) | 0 | - | b. 10/36 (27.77%) |
| HR-CT | 03 (3.09%) | 08 (53.33%) | - | 11/112 (9.82%) |
| GGO | 02/03 (66.66%) | 0 | 02/11 (18.18%) | |
| Consolidation | 01/03 (33.33%) | 08 (100%) | 09/11 (81.81%) | |
| Oxygen Requirement | ||||
| Nasal Canula | 6 (6.18%) | 0 | 0.59 | 6 (5.35%) |
| Mask/HF | 13 (13.40%) | 0 | 0.27 | 13 (11.60%) |
| NIV | 16 (16.49%) | 6 (40%) | 0.04 | 22 (19.64%) |
| Invasive Ventilation | 62 (63.91%) | 9 (60%) | 0.76 | 71 (63.39%) |
| In-Hospital Complication | ||||
| ARDS | 68 (70.10%) | 12 (80%) | 0.43 | 80 (71.42%) |
| Pneumonia | 18 (18.55%) | 0 | 0.14 | 18 (16.07%) |
| Septic Shock or Sepsis | 3 (3.09%) | 9 (60%) | <0.0001 | 12 (10.71%) |
| AKI | 0 | 3 (20%) | 0.009 | 3 (2.62%) |
| Multiorgan Dysfunction | 4 (4.12%) | 3 (20%) | 0.03 | 7 (6.25%) |
| Cardiomyopathy | 3 (3.09%) | 0 | 0.92 | 3 (2.67%) |
| Anemia | 1 (1.03%) | 1 (20%) | 0.18 | 2 (1.78%) |
| Outcome and other characteristics | ||||
| Symptoms Onset to Hospital Admission (Days) | 7.3 (3-14) | 6.8 (3-10) | 0.76 | 7.22 (3-14) |
| Hospital Admission to Tocilizumab Administration (Days) | 5.46 (1-18) | 4.33 (2-13) | 0.48 | 5.32 (1-18) |
| When Improvement Noticed After Tocilizumab (Days) | 1.53 (0.5-4) | 1.75 (0.5-3) | 0.71 | 1.54 (0.5-4) |
| Total Length of Hospital Stay After Tocilizumab (Days) | 9.96 (3-20) | 10 (1-32) | 0.98 | 9.97 (1-32) |
| Disease Severity | ||||
| Moderate | 3 (3.09%) | 0 | 0.92 | 3 (2.67%) |
| Severe | 16 (16.49%) | 6 (40%) | 0.06 | 22 (19.64%) |
| Critical | 70 (72.16%) | 9 (60%) | 0.34 | 79 (70.73%) |
| Moderate-Severe | 8 (8.24%) | 0 | 0.46 | 8 (7.14) |