Table 1.
Concentrations of urinary biomarkers in dependence of the origin of chronic kidney disease.
| Etiology of chronic kidney disease | Calprotectin (ng/ml) | NGAL (pg/ml) | KIM-1 (pg/ml) | Albumin/creatinine ratio (mg/g) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall CKD population, n = 143 | 98.6 (37.8–425.8) | 12 015 (5658–23 448) | 1040 (502–2672) | 44.2 (9.1–320.5) |
| Diabetes, n = 41 (28.7%) | 74.1 (33.0–217.9) | 10 414 (5400–27 064) | 990 (601–2444) | 174.4 (34.7–678.4) |
| Hypertension, n = 42 (29.4%) | 137.5 (38.1–562.9) | 13 173 (6567–25 936) | 1223 (312–3501) | 18.1 (8.5–93.1) |
| Comb. diabetes & hypertension, n = 19 (13.3%) | 63.3 (24.4–707.8) | 18 741 (10 571–35 067) | 1246 (623–2680) | 29.6 (9–502.2) |
| Autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease, n = 7 (4.9%) | 50.5 (7.7–404.9) | 16 692 (4153–18 534) | 1556 (455–2143) | 117.2 (6.3–991.9) |
| Glomerulonephritis/vasculitis (IRD), n = 15 (9.8%) | 155.7 (20.8–1325.0) | 14 896 (5658–28 881) | 1388 (833–2730) | 198.9 (34.5–1205) |
| Others, n = 19 (13.3%) | 144.30 (57.2–448.3) | 9706 (3840–14 401) | 651 (386–1938) | 8.2 (3.6–63.13) |
| Non-inflammatory renal diseases (NIRD), n = 128 (89.5%) | 97.0 (39.0–420.7) | 11 977 (5658–22 770) | 1009 (427–2669) | 26.6 (8.8–264.3) |
| Healthy controls, n = 29 (age: 74; 58–77) |
56.9 (13.3–124.6) | 4765 (2449–9877) | 1183 (626–2497) | 0 (0–0) |
| Mann–Whitney U test (overall CKD population vs. healthy controls) |
**p = 0.0068 | ***p < 0.001 | p = 0.84 | ***p < 0.001 |
| Mann–Whitney U test (IRD vs. NIRD) |
p = 0.81 | p = 0.41 | p = 0.34 | *p = 0.028 |
Data presented as median with interquartile range in brackets. CKD: chronic kidney disease; NGAL: neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; KIM-1: kidney injury molecule 1; NIRD: non-inflammatory renal disease; IRD: inflammatory renal disease.
Bold represents statistically significant values (p < 0.05).
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.