Fig. 1.

Sequence alignment of part of the Pfkelch13 gene and schematic representation of LAMP-SNP primers used in the study. (A) Partial Pfkelch13 gene alignment between Pfkelch13 C580Y mutation and Pfkelch13 wild type sequence and location of primers, FIP (F1c-F2), BIP (B1c-B2), F3, and B3. The PCR amplification obtained from F3 and B3 was inserted into the plasmid. The mutated nucleotide of artemisinin resistance is shown in bold type, G for the wild type, and A for the Pfkelch13 C580Y mutation. (B) Schematic representation of the Pfkelch13 C580Y mutation LAMP-SNP primers. For C580Y mutation detection, a single nucleotide changed from guanine to adenine (TGT>TAT). This study was constructed of FIP primer as a specific primer with the mutation at the 3’ end of the primer and one mismatched nucleotide was added at the penultimate position. LAMP-SNP assay was negative for the Pfkelch13 wild type strain.