Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants according to pre-diagnosis BMI categories
| Characteristic | Total (n = 1083) |
Pre-diagnosis BMI category | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18.5–24.9 kg/m2 (n = 99) |
25.0–29.9 kg/m2 (n = 452) |
30.0–34.9 kg/m2 (n = 377) |
≥35.0 kg/m2 (n = 155) |
||
| Pre-diagnosis BMI, kg/m2, median (IQR) | 29.9 (27.4–33.2) | 23.8 (22.8–24.5) | 28.0 (26.7–29.1) | 32.1 (30.9–33.5) | 37.6 (36.1–40.6) |
| Relative annual BMI change, %, median (IQR)a,b | −0.4 (−2.1 to 0.9) | −0.0 (−2.0 to 1.1) | −0.3 (−1.7 to 0.9) | −0.5 (−2.2 to 0.8) | −0.6 (−2.5 to 0.8) |
| Relative annual BMI change categories, n (%)a | |||||
| > 1% BMI loss | 420 (39.3) | 37 (37.8) | 162 (36.1) | 153 (41.2) | 69 (45.1) |
| No change | 402 (37.6) | 35 (35.7) | 179 (40.0) | 133 (35.8) | 55 (35.9) |
| > 1% BMI gain | 247 (23.1) | 26 (26.5) | 107 (23.9) | 85 (22.9) | 29 (19.0) |
| Demographics | |||||
| Male sex, n (%) | 587 (54.2) | 46 (46.5) | 268 (59.3) | 215 (57.0) | 58 (37.4) |
| Age at pre-diagnosis BMI measurement, years, median (IQR) | 59.1 (52.2–64.4) | 57.8 (51.0–63.3) | 60.2 (54.6–64.8) | 58.8 (51.4–64.2) | 57.0 (50.3–63.0) |
| Age at diabetes diagnosis, years, median (IQR) | 60.4 (53.5–65.3) | 58.9 (52.4–64.5) | 61.5 (56.0–66.0) | 60.0 (52.3–65.1) | 57.8 (51.2–64.1) |
| Education level, n (%) | |||||
| No vocational training/vocational training | 490 (45.2) | 35 (35.4) | 187 (41.4) | 184 (48.8) | 84 (54.2) |
| Technical college degree | 274 (25.3) | 28 (28.3) | 116 (25.7) | 89 (23.6) | 40 (25.8) |
| University degree | 320 (29.5) | 36 (36.4) | 149 (33.0) | 104 (27.6) | 31 (20.0) |
| Pre-diagnosis lifestyle | |||||
| Physical activity, h/week, median (IQR) | 1.0 (0–3.2) | 1.0 (0–3.5) | 1.0 (0–3.5) | 1.0 (0–3.0) | 0.6 (0–3.0) |
| Alcohol intake, g/day, median (IQR) | 9.0 (2.8–21.7) | 10.1 (2.5–18.6) | 10.2 (3.6–22.5) | 8.3 (2.9–23.5) | 5.8 (1.8–16.3) |
| MedPyr score, median (IQR) | 6.7 (5.8–7.5) | 6.7 (5.8–7.5) | 6.8 (5.8–7.5) | 6.6 (5.8–7.5) | 6.8 (5.8–7.7) |
| Smoking status, n (%) | |||||
| Never-smoker | 428 (39.5) | 41 (41.4) | 172 (38.1) | 147 (39.0) | 68 (43.9) |
| Former smoker | 474 (43.7) | 35 (35.4) | 200 (44.2) | 175 (46.4) | 65 (41.9) |
| Current smoker | 182 (16.8) | 24 (24.2) | 80 (17.7) | 56 (14.9) | 22 (14.2) |
| Smoking duration, years, median (IQR) | 24.0 (15.0–33.0) | 24.0 (11.5–34.0) | 25.0 (15.0–35.0) | 23.0 (15.0–32.3) | 26.9 (14.0–31.0) |
| Medical information, n (%) | |||||
| Family history of diabetes | 483 (44.6) | 43 (43.4) | 197 (43.6) | 169 (44.8) | 76 (49.0) |
| Family history of MI | 180 (16.6) | 13 (13.1) | 78 (17.3) | 65 (17.2) | 26 (16.8) |
| Family history of stroke | 222 (20.5) | 22 (22.2) | 99 (21.9) | 70 (18.6) | 30 (19.4) |
| Hypertension | 870 (80.3) | 64 (64.6) | 343 (75.9) | 317 (84.1) | 145 (93.5) |
| Dyslipidaemia | 795 (73.4) | 64 (64.6) | 347 (76.8) | 285 (75.6) | 100 (64.5) |
| Insulin use at diabetes diagnosis | 85 (7.8) | 9 (9.1) | 29 (6.4) | 39 (10.3) | 7 (4.5) |
Table presents combined rounded values from the ten imputation datasets
aFourteen participants did not have follow-up after diabetes diagnosis
bMean ± SD for relative BMI change for the total population was −0.6 ± 2.8
MI, myocardial infarction