Table 3.
HRs and 95% CIs for microvascular and macrovascular complications of type 2 diabetes according to relative BMI change per year (categories and per 1%)
| Diabetes complication | BMI change category | Continuous BMI change, per 1% increment (n = 1069) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| >1% BMI loss (n = 420) |
Stable BMIa (n = 402) |
>1% BMI gain (n = 247) |
||
| Total vascular complications | ||||
| No. of cases / person-years | 141 / 4709.4 | 158 / 4223.7 | 82 / 2632.3 | 380 / 11,568.7 |
| Model 1b | 0.73 (0.58, 0.94) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.92 (0.71, 1.20) | 1.03 (0.99, 1.08) |
| Model 2c | 0.69 (0.54, 0.89) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.86 (0.65, 1.14) | 1.03 (0.99, 1.07) |
| Macrovascular complications | ||||
| No. of cases / person-years | 34 / 4984.6 | 29 / 4610.2 | 14 / 2857.9 | 76/ 12,445.7 |
| Model 1b | 1.15 (0.69, 1.92) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.80 (0.40, 1.60) | 0.93 (0.85, 1.02) |
| Model 2c | 1.04 (0.62, 1.74) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.82 (0.42, 1.63) | 0.95 (0.87, 1.03) |
| Microvascular complications | ||||
| No. of cases / person-years | 120 / 4856.5 | 147 / 4482.3 | 75 / 2730.4 | 341 / 12,068.6 |
| Model 1b | 0.67 (0.52, 0.86) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.99 (0.75, 1.30) | 1.06 (1.02, 1.11) |
| Model 2c | 0.62 (0.47, 0.80) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.90 (0.67, 1.21) | 1.05 (1.01, 1.10) |
| Kidney disease | ||||
| No. of cases / person-years | 66 / 5022.1 | 88 / 4706.7 | 48 / 2823.4 | 202 / 12,551.5 |
| Model 1b | 0.62 (0.44, 0.86) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.14 (0.80, 1.64) | 1.07 (1.01, 1.14) |
| Model 2c | 0.57 (0.40, 0.81) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.03 (0.71, 1.50) | 1.06 (1.00, 1.13) |
| Neuropathy | ||||
| No. of cases / person-years | 74 / 4994.5 | 94 / 4652.6 | 42 / 2883.9 | 209 / 12,530.2 |
| Model 1b | 0.74 (0.54, 1.03) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.86 (0.60, 1.24) | 1.06 (1.01, 1.11) |
| Model 2c | 0.73 (0.52, 1.03) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.82 (0.56, 1.20) | 1.05 (0.99, 1.11) |
Table presents combined rounded values from the ten imputation datasets
Fourteen participants did not have a follow-up after diabetes diagnosis. The number of participants excluded from each model because they developed a complication between diabetes diagnosis and post-diagnosis BMI measurement was as follows: 11 for total complications; 7 for macrovascular complications; 4 for microvascular complications; 3 for kidney disease; 2 for neuropathy
aStable BMI was defined as ≤1% BMI gain/loss
bModel 1: adjusted for age, sex and pre-diagnosis BMI
cModel 2: Model 1 + education, smoking status change, smoking duration at pre-diagnosis, smoking duration change, physical activity at pre-diagnosis, physical activity change, alcohol consumption at pre-diagnosis, alcohol consumption change, MedPyr score, lipid-lowering medication, antihypertensive medication and glucose-lowering medication