Fig. 1.

Significant alterations in circRNA expression in the spinal cords of BCP model rats. a Validation of circRNA expression and back-splicing junction characterization in BCP model rats. The back-splicing junctions of circRNAs identified by Sanger sequencing are indicated by black arrows. b Confirmation of the circular morphology of circRNAs through RT-PCR combined with agarose gel electrophoresis. The circular and linear RNAs were detected using divergent and convergent primers, respectively, from cDNA templates. Genomic DNA and primers targeting GAPDH were used as controls. c Differential expression of circRNAs in the spinal cords of Sham and BCP model rats. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to analyze circRNA expression. gDNA: genomic DNA; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; BCP: bone cancer pain. **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001